What are the "stages in disease history"?
Hunting & Gathering
Settled Villages
Preindustrial Cities
Industrial Cities
The Present
What is an "endemic"?
Diseases that are always present in a population
What are some examples of an endemic?
Pneumonia
Colds
What is an "epidemic"?
Diseases that are not always present in a population but flare up on occasion
What are some examples of an epidemic?
Diptheria
Measles
What is a "pandemic"?
The existence of disease in a large proportion of the population: a global epidemic
What are some examples of a pandemic?
HIV
AIDS
Influenza outbreaks
What was one of the first laws that helped to establish community health care for the poor?
The Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 in England
Who discovered the smallpox vaccine?
Edward Jenner
What was the name of the movement during the 18th century that started public health campaigns?
The Sanitary Revolution
What was the name of the man who called attention to the relationship between unsanitary conditions and shortened life spans of the laboring class?
Edwin Chadwick
What was the name of the man who argued for social action in improving health in 1849 and helped to create the idea of public health care?
Rudolf Virchow
Who identified the cause of the spread of cholera?
John Snow
Who attempted, but failed to start the movement in the United States in the 1800's to create a public health system that managed child healthcare and monitored community health data?
Lemuel Shattuck
Who is considered the creator of "modern nursing" and was credited with associating unsanitary conditions with the spread of disease? This person also exposed the benefit of keeping statistical data of health status to improve healthcare and changed the w
Florence Nightingale
Who proposed the theory of the existence of germs in 1854?
Pasteur
Who utilized Pasteur's work to improve outcomes of surgeries through sanitation of equipment?
Lister
Who discovered the causative agent for cholera and the tubercle bacillus in 1882?
Koch
Who discovered immunization in 1881 and the rabies vaccine in 1885?
Pasteur
What is the Flexner Report?
Report by Abraham Flexner by the Carnegie Commission to evaluate medical schools
Outlined the inadequacies of medical schools that did not use the German model that promoted medical education on the principles of scientific discovery
Caused schools that d
When did public health nursing develop?
The late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries
What was "district nursing"?
England between 1854-1856
Trained selected poor women to provide nursing care to the community's sick poor
Theorized that nurses belonging to their patient's social class would be more effective caregivers
Who started a successful community nursing plan in Liverpool in 1859?
William Rathbone
What was Rathbone's community nursing plan?
Divided the community into 18 districts
Each district was assigned a nurse and a social worker
The nurses were trained by Nightingale
What is "health visiting"?
Visiting homes to spread information about health
Who was the first graduate nurse sent into homes to provide care for the sick in 1877 in New York City?
Frances Root
Who established the district nursing service "House on Henry Street"?
Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster in 1893
What organization helped to establish public health nursing in the united States?
The House on Henry Street --> later --> the Visiting Nurse Association of New York City
Who later directed the House on Henry Street?
Helen Hall
What acts did the testimonials of inhabitants of the lower east side of New York (Henry St.) help to create?
The Children's Bureau and the Social Security Act Legislation
Who helped to create the role of school nurses?
Lillian Wald
What does "Hygeia" mean?
Healthful living --> preventative health
What does "Panacea" mean?
Curative medicine --> acute care