community health
the health status of a defined group of people and the actions and conditions to protect and improve the health of the community
health education
any combination of planned learning experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire information and the skills needed to make quality health decisions
health promotion
any planned combination of educational, political, environmental, regulatory, or organizational mechanisms that support actions and conditions of living conducive to the health of individuals, groups, and communities
disease prevention
the process of reducing risks and alleviating disease to promote, preserve, and restore health and minimize suffering and distress
public health
the sciences and the art of protecting and improving the health of communities through education, promotion of healthy lifestyles, and research for disease and injury prevention
global health
health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries, may be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions
population health
health status of people who are not organized and have no identity as a group or locality and the actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health
coordinated school health program
an organized set of policies, procedures, and activities designed to protect, promote, and improve the health and well-being of students and staff, thus improving a student's ability to learn -- school health education, school health services, healthy sch
wellness
an approach to health that focuses on balancing the many aspects, or dimensions, of a person's life through increasing the adoption of health-enhancing conditions and behaviors rather than attempting to minimize conditions of illness
health education/promotion
synthesis of facts, principles, concepts drawn from bio, behavioral, socio, health sciences - but interpreted in terms of human needs, human values, and human potential
discipline
filed of study
profession
specialized knowledge, long intensive academic preparation
health educator
professionally prepared individual, appropriate educational strategies and methods to facilitate development of policies, procedures, interventions, systems conducive to health of individuals, groups, communities
health education specialists
completed education/training currently associated with professionally prepared
health education/promotion first ... then ... ?
began to control the harm that came from infectious disease then moved to chronic diseases
first set of health objectives are called?
promoting health/preventing disease: objectives for a nation
health people 2020
we are healthier than any time in the past - modifiable health risks: lack of physical activity, poor nutrition, tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption
epidemiology
study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specific populations and the application of this study to control health problems
rate
measure of some event, disease or condition in relation to a unit of a population, along with some specificity of time
death rates
number of deaths per 100,000 -- mortality, fatality
crude rates
rate for total population
adjusted rates
rate for total population adjusted for certain characteristic (age)
specific rates
rate for a particular population subgroup such as for a particular disease or age (age specified)
endemic
occurs regularly in a population as a matter of course
epidemic
unexpected large number of cases of an illness, specific health related behavior, or other health related even in a population
pandemic
outbreak over a wide geographical area
life expectancy
average number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age
YPLL - years potential life lost
measure of premature mortality
DALYs - disability adjusted life years
one year lost of "healthy" life due to being poor health or disability
HALE - health adjusted life expectancy
number of years of healthy life expected
HRQQL - health related quality of life
a person or group's perceived physical and mental health over time
health disparity
the difference in health between populations caused by lack of access to care and lack of quality care
goals and purpose of prevention
improve quality of life, promote, maintain, and improve individual/community health, create intervention programs to work towards better health
evidence
data used to make decisions about planning
health field
broader than the "health care system
prevention
planning for and the measures taken to forestall the onset of disease or other health problems before the occurrence of undesirable health events
primary prevention
comprises preventative measures taken to forestall the onset of illness of injury before the pre pathogenesis period (before disease begins) (safety belt .. etc)
secondary prevention
preventative measure that lead to early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease or injury (screenings -- DETECT ITS PRESENCE)
tertiary prevention
retain, reeducate, rehabilitate someone who already has disability (educating after lung cancer surgery)
prevention limits
biological, technological, ethical, economic
risk factors
inherited, environmental, behavioral influences that are known or thought to increase likelihood of physical or mental problems
socio-ecological approach
interaction between factors across all levels of a health problem
population based approach
new skills as a group - policy development and advocacy, organizational change, community development, empowerment of individuals, economic support
advocacy
actions we engage in order to alter public opinion in favor or opposition
health advocacy
actions on behalf of health goal, program, interest or population
empowerment
social action process to gain mastery over their lives and communities
culturally competent
ability to understand and respect values, attitudes, beliefs
marine hospital service act
collect a tax to build a hospital and medical service in major seaport cities
patient protection and affordable care act
expands health care coverage, focus on prevention, encourages wellness
school health education
instructing school aged children -- help students adopt and maintain healthy behaviors -- sophistication increased over years -- leadership roles
coordinated school health program
impact students in positive way in many ways
public/community health education/promotion
change policies and environments and attitudes and behaviors that affect health -- conduct studies -- write health edu materials -- voluntary health agencies - public health agencies - planning, implementing, evaluating, fund raising, etc. etc.
worksite tangible
reduced sick leave, use of health benefits, workers, compensation costs, injuries, presenteeism losses
worksite intangible
improved morale, loyalty, less conflict, more productive, improved decision-making
majority of US employees work
in small med size companies -- less likely to offer health opportunities
Boost from Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
national worksite health policies and programs survey will be done more thoroughly to assess what employers are doing in relation to worksite promotion