health education/promotion
-emerging profession that is just over 100 years old
-focus of history in N. Afirca and Europe
Early Humans Health
-learning occurred through observaiton
-trial and error
-evidence found in earliest of civilization
-india; 4000 yrs ago signs of sanitation
-oldest health-related documents
What were some of the earliest efforts at public health?
-Smith Papyri
-Code of Hammurabi
What are 2 of the oldest health related documents?
Smith Papyri
-one of oldest health related documents
-1600 BC
-surgical techniques
Code of Hammurabi
-laws pertaining to health practices
-physicians fees
-physicans
Priest once also served as _______________?
Egyptians
-3000-1500 BC
- medicine due in part to priest-physicians
-known for personal cleanliness
Hebrews
-around 1500 BC
- the Egyptian hygienic thought
-formulated the worlds first hygienic code in the biblical book of Leviticus
Greeks
-1000-400 BC
-to put emphasis on disease prevention
-balance among physical (athletics), mental (philosophy) and spiritual (theology)
Asclepius
-greek time
-god of medicine
Hygeia
-greek time
-had power to prevent disease
-more prominent
Panacea
-greek time
-ability to treat disease
caducesu
-greek time
-staff and serpent of the physician
-symbol of the temples of Asclepius
Hippocrates
-lived 460-377 BC
-greek time
-theory of disease causation
-distinguished between endemic and epidemic diseases
-first epidemiologist and father of medicine
Romans
-500 BC-500 AD
-great engineers, builders and administrators
-built extensive and efficient aqueduct system (water)
-developed an extensive system of underground sewers and public and private baths
-frist to build hospitals
-developed a system of private
Middle Ages
-500 BC-1500 AD
- political and social unrest and many health advances lost
-many public health problems resulted from overcrowding
-little emphasis on cleanliness or hygiene
Christians beliefs
-belief that impacted health that disease was caused by sin or disobying God
-leprosy, bubonic plague
-concept of disease infections became more universally accepted
-syphilis
-smallpox, diptheria, measeles, influenza, tuberculosis, and anthrax
Characterized by great epidemics of the middle ages.
Syphilis
-last major epidemic disease of the Middle Ages
Renaissance-rebirth
-1500-1700 AD
-characterized by gradual rebirth of thinking about the world and humankind in a more naturalistic and holistic fashion
-science reemerged a legitimate field of inquiry, numerous scientific advancements
-disease and plague still ravaged Euro
-disposal of human waste
-severe uncleanliness
What were common problems of the Renaissance due to health?
-Italy
In the Renaissance, health boards were formed in what country?
Age of Enlightenment
-1700s
-period of revolution, industrialization and growth of cities
-scientific advancements continued throughout this period
-health education/promotion had still not emerged as a profession
miasmas theory
-belief that disease was formed in filth and that epidemics were caused by some type of poison that developed in the putrefaction process
The 1800s
-overcrowding in cities caused public problems
-1842, Chadwick's report on an "Inquiry into the Sanitary Conditions of the Laboring Populations of Great Britain"
-advancements in microbiology and bacteriology
-smallpox
-cholera
-typhoid
-tuberculosis
What were some public health problems in the 1800s due to overcrowding in cities?
-1849, Snow removes pup handle in London
-1862, Pasteur proposes germ theory
-1875-1900, bacteriological period of public health
What were advancements in microbiology and bacteriology in the 1800s?
Public Health in the US 1700s
-health conditions were deplorable
-many immigrants, cities growing, overcrowding
-quarantine and environmental regulations used
-life expectancy table created (1789)
-cities formed local health boards (1780s and 90s)
Public Health in the US 1800s
-little progress, still much disease
-conditions of overcrowding, poverty and filth worsened
-Chattuck's Report of the "Sanitary Commission of Massachusetts"
-state boards of health first established (1869)
-first full-time county health departments forme
Public Health in the US 1900-Present
-reform phase of public health (1900-1920)
-national voluntary agencies formed
-founding of the Public Health Education Section of the American Public Health Association
-concept of prevention beginning to take hold
-New Deal
-efforts shifted from communi
New Deal
-expanded social programs including public health efforts
-took place in the US 1900s-present
-Health Protection... Health Equity
What is the CDC's vision for the 21st century?
CDC's mission
-Collaborating to create the expertise, information and tools that people and communities need to protect their health- through health promotion, prevention of disease, injury and disability and preparedness for new health threats
Medicare
-created to assist in the payment of medical bills for the elderly
Medicaid
-created to assist in the payment of medical bills for the poor
Lalonde Report
A New Prospect on the Health of Canadias
-presented epidemiological evidence that supported the importance of lifestyle and environmental factors
-calling Canadians to be more responsible for their own health
Healthy People
-initiative first major recognition of the importance of lifestyles in promoting health and well-being
Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Objectives for the Nation
-federal document
-released providing a framework for public health efforts
-Healthy People Initiatives
>Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives
> Healthly People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health
The US government has continued to set and document the nations health priorities priorities through what?
Healthy People 2020
-will guide public health and practice and health education for the next 10 years
The National Public Health Performance Standards Program
-developed to improve the effectiveness of public health departments working on "Healthy People" objectives
MAP-IT
-used by CDC
-model used to guide partners in establishing effective programs
1. mobolize
2. assess
3. plan
4. implement
5. track
What are the 5 steps of MAP-IT?
Health Education/Promotion
-became a recognized profession in 1997 approved by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) Policy Review Committee
1. vaccination
2. motor vehicle safety
3. safer workplaces
4. control of infections diseases
5. decline in deaths from coronary disease and stroke
6. safer and healthier foods
7. healthier mothers and babies
8. family planning
9. fluridation of drinking w
What are the 10 Great Public Health Achievements? (1990-1999)
School Health
-education became more of a priority in the mid 1600s
-Old Deluder law
-reading for religious understanding was the primary subject taught in the early schools
-1800s saw improvements in schools due to tax support and compulsory attendance
-Women's Christ
Horace Mann
-called for mandatory hygiene programs that would help students understand their bodies and the relationship between their behaviors and health
-was elected secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education (1837)
Old Deluder
-law to prevent Satan from deluding the people by keeping them from reading the bible.
Womens'a Christian Temperance Untion
-spearheaded passage of law requiring instruction concerning the effects of alcohol and narcotics
National Tuberculosis Association
-introduced the "Modern Health Crusade" as a device for promoting the health of school children
Sally Lucas Jean
-responsible for changing the name from hygiene education to health education, emphasizing healthy living and health behavior rather than physiology and hygiene
The School Health Education Study
-study that indicated problems in the organization and administration of school health programs
-later developed comprehensive curriculum package that still influences school health curricula today
The School Health Education Evaluation Study
-evaluated effectiveness of school health work in selected schools and colleges in Los Angels
Coordinated School Health Program (CSHP)
-concept emerged in 1980s
-currently dominates the school health arena
-leadership is provided by a school health advisory council (community members) in the planning and promotion of school health initiatives
Comprehensive school health instruction
-component of CSHP
-focuses on K-12 health curriculium
1. alcohol and drug use
2. behaviors contributing to unintentional injuries and violence
3. tobacco use
4. unhealthy dietary behaviors
5. inadequate physical activity
6. sexual risk behaviors
The CDC recommends placing curriculum emphasis on what 6 key adolescent risk behaviors?
-health education
-physical education
-health services
-nutrition services
-counseling, psychological, and social services
-health school environment
-health promotion for staff
-family/community involvement
The CDC diagram of Coordinated School Health consist of what 8 categories?
National Health Education Standards 2nd edition
-released in 2006 by American Cancer Society
-goal improved educational achievement for students and improved health in the US
-standards designed to promote health literacy and serve as a framework for organizing knowledge and skills into curricula
American Association for Health Education
-coordinated review and revision process of the standards and various other health org. took part in process
-standards provide an important guide for colleges and universities to enhance pre-professional preparation
National Board Certification for Health Education
-allowed for health education/promotion teachers with three years teaching experience to be able to voluntarily complete the process to become nationally certified
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
-signed into law in March 2010
-expands health coverage to 31 million uninsured Americans
-focuses on prevention and prevention services by removing cost barriers
-encourages worksites wellness programs, evidence-based community prevention and wellness pr