landmasses above water on earth
what is a continent?
natural process that breaks rock into smaller pieces
what is mechanical weathering?
consists of the sun and nine known planets and other bodies that orbit the sun
what is the solar system?
process that changes rock into a new substance through interactions among elements
what is chemical weathering?
the air, water, and minerals in rocks
where does chemical weathering take place?
result of weathering on matter created by action of wind, water, ice, and gravity
what is erosion?
thin rock layer making up the earth's surface
what is the crust?
rock layer that is between the earth's crust and core
what is the mantle?
1800 miles
how many miles thick is the mantle?
center of the earth
what is the core?
iron and nickel
what is the core made up of?
molten rock material formed when solid rock in the earth's mantle or crust's melts
what is magma?
physical and chemical processes that change the characteristics of rock
what is weathering?
slow
is weathering a slow or fast process?
layers of gases immediately surrounding the earth
what is the atmosphere?
solid rock portion of the earth's surface
what is the lithosphere?
the waters comprising earth's surface
what is the hydrosphere?
oceans, lakes, rivers, seas, and vapor in the atmosphere
what is included in the hydrosphere?
all the parts of the earth where plants and animals live
what is the biosphere?
continuous circulation of water among the atmosphere, the oceans, and the earth
what is the hydrologic cycle?
area drained by a major river and its tributaries
what is a drainage basin?
the water held underneath the earth's surface, often in and around the pores of a rock
what is ground water?
the level at which a rock is saturated
what is a water table?
a naturally formed feature on the surface of the earth
what are landforms?
the earth's surface from the edge of a continent to the deep part of the ocean
what is the continental shelf?
the difference in elevation of a landform from the lowest point to the highest point
what is relief?
the combined characteristics of landforms and their distribution in a region
what is topography?
small pieces of rock produced by weathering
what is sediment?
hypothesis that all the continents were once joined into a supercontinent that split apart over millions of years
what is pangea?
wind blown silt and clay sediment that produces very fertile soil
what is a loess?
a large, long-lasting mass of ice that moves because of gravity
what is a glacier?
changing of landforms by slowly moving glaciers
what is glaciation?
ridge or hill of rock carried and finally deposited by a glacier
what is a moraine?
organic material in soil
what is humus?
area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the pacific ocean
what is the ring of fire?
93 million miles
how far is earth from the sun?
third
what number planet is earth to the sun?
winds blow over the ocean and pick up heat and distribute it to the land
how does the motion of the ocean distribute heat?
fold and crack
what happens when two plates meet?
planets, comets, asteroids, etc
what does the solar system consist of?
core, mantle, crust
what are the layers inside the earth?
mechanical and chemical
what are the two types of weathering?
when water flows in a stream, grinding away of rocks by water, and water dissolves chemical elements in rock
what are the three types of water erosion?
parent material, relief, organisms, climate, time
what are the five soil factors?
device used to measure strength of earthquakes
what is a seismograph?
landmasses above water on earth
what is a continent?
natural process that breaks rock into smaller pieces
what is mechanical weathering?
consists of the sun and nine known planets and other bodies that orbit the sun
what is the solar system?
process that changes rock into a new substance through interactions among elements
what is chemical weathering?
the air, water, and minerals in rocks
where does chemical weathering take place?
result of weathering on matter created by action of wind, water, ice, and gravity
what is erosion?
thin rock layer making up the earth's surface
what is the crust?
rock layer that is between the earth's crust and core
what is the mantle?
1800 miles
how many miles thick is the mantle?
center of the earth
what is the core?
iron and nickel
what is the core made up of?
molten rock material formed when solid rock in the earth's mantle or crust's melts
what is magma?
physical and chemical processes that change the characteristics of rock
what is weathering?
slow
is weathering a slow or fast process?
layers of gases immediately surrounding the earth
what is the atmosphere?
solid rock portion of the earth's surface
what is the lithosphere?
the waters comprising earth's surface
what is the hydrosphere?
oceans, lakes, rivers, seas, and vapor in the atmosphere
what is included in the hydrosphere?
all the parts of the earth where plants and animals live
what is the biosphere?
continuous circulation of water among the atmosphere, the oceans, and the earth
what is the hydrologic cycle?
area drained by a major river and its tributaries
what is a drainage basin?
the water held underneath the earth's surface, often in and around the pores of a rock
what is ground water?
the level at which a rock is saturated
what is a water table?
a naturally formed feature on the surface of the earth
what are landforms?
the earth's surface from the edge of a continent to the deep part of the ocean
what is the continental shelf?
the difference in elevation of a landform from the lowest point to the highest point
what is relief?
the combined characteristics of landforms and their distribution in a region
what is topography?
small pieces of rock produced by weathering
what is sediment?
hypothesis that all the continents were once joined into a supercontinent that split apart over millions of years
what is pangea?
wind blown silt and clay sediment that produces very fertile soil
what is a loess?
a large, long-lasting mass of ice that moves because of gravity
what is a glacier?
changing of landforms by slowly moving glaciers
what is glaciation?
ridge or hill of rock carried and finally deposited by a glacier
what is a moraine?
organic material in soil
what is humus?
area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the pacific ocean
what is the ring of fire?
93 million miles
how far is earth from the sun?
third
what number planet is earth to the sun?
winds blow over the ocean and pick up heat and distribute it to the land
how does the motion of the ocean distribute heat?
fold and crack
what happens when two plates meet?
planets, comets, asteroids, etc
what does the solar system consist of?
core, mantle, crust
what are the layers inside the earth?
mechanical and chemical
what are the two types of weathering?
when water flows in a stream, grinding away of rocks by water, and water dissolves chemical elements in rock
what are the three types of water erosion?
parent material, relief, organisms, climate, time
what are the five soil factors?
device used to measure strength of earthquakes
what is a seismograph?