Chapter 12 vocab

service

any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it

settlement

a permanent collection of buildings, where people work, reside, and obtain services

consumer services

Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers who desire them and can afford to pay for them, including retail services and personal services.

retail services

Services that provide goods for sale to consumers.

personal services

Services that provide for the well-being and personal improvement of individual consumers.

business services

Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including producer and transportation services

producer services

Services that primarily help people conduct business

transportation and information services

Services that diffuse and distribute services.

public services

Services that provide security and protection for citizens and businesses

clustered rural settlements

A number of families live in close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings.

dispersed rural settlements

Farmers living on individual farms isolated from neighbors rather than alongside other farmers in settlements.

enclosure movement

The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century.

central place

a market center for the exchange of goods and services by people attracted from the surrounding area

central place theory

a theory that explains how services are distributed and why such a regular pattern of settlement exists- at least in MDC's such as the United States

Market Area or hinterland

the area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted

range

the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service

threshold

the minimum number of people needed to support the service

gravity model

A model that predicts that the optimal location of a service is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.

rank-size rule

the country's nth largest settlement is 1/n the popluation of the largest settlement

primate city rule

the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.

primate city

the country's largest city

city states

a sovereign state consisting of an autonomous city with its dependencies

basic industries

industries that export primarily to consumers outside the settlement

nonbasic industries

Enterprises whose customers live in the same community, essentially consumer services.

economic base

a community's unique collection of basic industries

Central Business District (CBD)

services of all types clustered in the center of the city, commonly called downtown and known to geographers by this term