Which countries occupy the Scandinavian Peninsula?
Norway and Sweden
Which country occupies the Jutland Peninsula?
Denmark
Which country is the most mountainous of the Nordic nations?
Norway
What are the most common renewable energy resources used in this region?
geothermal and hydroelectric
How does the North Atlantic Current affect the region?
it makes the region warmer
What effect did the movement of glaciars have on the region?
caused the formation of fjords, created thousands of lakes, and left the soil rocky
Why is Iceland called the "land of fire and ice"?
volcanoes and glaciars exist side-by-side
The United Kingdom is made up of:
England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales
Which countries does the Alpine Mountain system run through?
Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland
Why is the Western Central region able to produce hydroelectric power?
many rivers run swiftly down its mountains
Which countries have a coastline?
France, Germany, and UIK
Which countries have banks along the Rhine River?
Switzerland, Austria, France, and Germany
What is the climate of most of Western Central Europe?
moderate
Why was Western Central Europe able to become an industrial leader in the 1800s?
the region has rich deposits of minerals
What natural disaster presents the greatest threat to Western Central Europe?
flooding
Which country in Southern Europe provides the best harbors?
Portugal
Which of the Mediterranean countries is landlocked?
Andorra
This country is shaped like a boot.
Italy
These factors affect the climate of the countries of Southern Europe.
elevation, mountains, seas and oceans
Which three peninsulas occupy Southern Europe?
Balkan, Iberian, and Italian
The terrain of most of Southern Europe can be described as ____.
mountainous
What separates Africa from Europe?
the Strait of Gibraltar
Why is Andorra's water supply important to the country?
for electricity
The Mediterranean Sea borders these countries.
Greece, Italy, and Spain
What is another name for Southern Europe?
Mediterranean Europe
This country claims more than two thousand islands.
Greece
The Pyrenees Mountains separates this country from the rest of Europe.
Spain
Which statement describes negative population growth?
more people die than are born during a given period
Population growth in Europe is ____.
decreasing
Where do most Europeans live?
in cities
These characteristics describe medieval cities
crowded, defensive walls, narrow streets, and winding streets
Where are Paris's industrial areas located?
outside city limits
Why do some Europeans view immigrants as a threat?
they dilute European culture, they increase the threat of terroism, and they take jobs from "natives
Culture influences ____.
how people use the land they live on, people's activites, and where people live
What is the French Academy?
an organization that preserves the purity of the language
T/F Most European nations have a dominant culture.
True
____ is the most widely practiced religion in Europe.
Catholicism
Which group has the most ornate churches?
Catholics
Which countries have large populations of Protestants?
England, Germany, and Scotland
Where in Europe can the most Muslim architecture be found?
the Iberian peninsula
Where in Europe are the Germanic languages mainly spoken?
Central Europe, Northern Europe, and Northwestern Europe
Which languages are Romanic languages?
French, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish
This main goal of this organization is to create a "United States" of Europe.
EU
What are the three Gs of European expansion?
glory, God, and gold
____ is the control of uninhabited territores.
colonialism
Which statements describe the European Unon (EU)?
citizens of EU nations can live, work, or study in any member nation; the Euro is the common currency of the EU; there are no tariffs between member nations; to belong to the EU, member nations must give up some of their sovereignty
Which statements describe NATO?
NATO was formed to protect its members from aggression by the Soviet Union; NATO protects democracy and individual freedom; NATO stands for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; NATO's members include the U.S. and Canada
The colonies of ____ adopted the culture of their colonizer.
France
Where were most of Europe's colonies by the end of the nineteenty century?
Africa and Asia
From 1800 to 1900, the land mass controlled by Europe ____.
increased
Chemical agents used for agricultural purposes ____.
cause of water pollution, enable farmers to grow more crops, and contaminates the soil
Europe's non-native forests ____.
are grown on poor quality land, support less biodiversity, and usually have only one tree species
Urban development results in ____.
decreased forest land, increased paved surfaces, and increased soil erosion
According to the MCPFEs, sustainable forest development is defined by these three criteria.
it does not damage other ecosystems; it fulfills social and economic potential; and it maintains reproductive ability, biodiversity, and productivity
Where does the availability of water pose the greatest problem?
in agricultural areas using irrigation; in areas that receive little precipitation; in Mediterranean Europe
Threats to Europe's marine environment include ____.
erosion, oil spills, pollution, tourism, and urban development
What makes seas especially vulnerable to pollution?
little water exchange
European environmental issues that affect the atmosphere include ____.
air pollution and ozone layer depletion
What factor was likely responsible for the location of Europe's first civilization?
it is between three continents
Where was the first European civilization located?
Crete
These cities were part of the Roman Empire.
Frankfurt, London, and Paris
What measures were used by the Roman Empire to create cultural unity and strengthen the Empire?
building an extensive network of roads and granting citizenship to people in outlying areas
This is one factor that contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire.
its territory was too vast to defend
This was a system under which land and labor were exchanged for defense.
feudalism
Which nations were formed following WW1?
Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia
During both world wars, this country was aligned with Germany.
Italy
The Berlin Wall divided this country into east and west sections.
Germany
The period of great political unrest that divided Europe into eastern and western sections was called ____.
the Cold War
After WW2, the division between eastern and western Europe was known as the ____.
Iron Curtain
This organization is a unifying force in Europe.
EU
T/F Pollution stays in the area where it is produced.
False
Environmental problems in Western Europe are ____.
decreasing
This reduces biodiversity.
agricultural intensification
This sector uses the most water in Western Europe.
agriculture
These factors have reduced air pollution in Western Europe.
catalytic converters, fuel efficiency, and improved engines
colonialism
the control of an overseas colony by a foreign power
colonization
the control of an overseas territory by a foreign power
cultural convergence
the contact and interaction of culture groups
cultural diffusion
the process whereby one culture adopts the traits of another
cultural divergence
government policy that attempts to restrict the access of its population to outside culture
cyclone
severe windstorm characterized by spiraling winds
deciduous
trees that lose their leaves in the fall
dike
dam
drought
long period of dry weather resulting in water shortages
fjord
deep, high-walled coastal valley created by glacier movement and filled by the waters of melting glaciers
Germanic
of or relating to the German language; branch of the Indo-European languages
glacier
slow-moving river of snow and ice that moves on the earth's surface
harbor
safe place for ships to dock
Iberian
of Spain and Portugal
imperialism
policy extending political, economic, or military rule over a foreign nation
loess
fine-grained, ferile soil
mistral
a strong, dry, cold north or northwestern wind that blows in France
multicultural
of many cultures
nationalistic
having extreme pride in a specific country
navigable
able to be used for travel by water
polder
land below sea level from which water has been removed and which is protected by dikes
population density
the number of people who live in a square mile or kilometer
satellite country
technically an independent nation that is under the military and/or financial control of another nation
sirocco
windstorm that blows up clouds of dust or sand
supranational
membership in a group or organization that goes beyond national boundaries
transitional
loosening of boundaries between countries, increasing the interaction of cultural groups
urbanization
the increse in the population of a city