Western Europe
most developed part of Europe, stable
Eastern Europe
part of Europe that used to be influenced by communism, instable
Nordic Countries
Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden; Viking history
The United Kingdom(The UK)
Scotland, England, Wales, Northern Ireland
Great Britain
Island containing Wales, England, and Scotland
British Isles
All of the islands that make up the UK and Ireland
Scandinavian Peninsula
Peninsula made up of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark
Iberian Peninsula
Peninsula made up of Spain and Portugal
Italian Peninsula
Peninsula made up of only Italy
Balkan PENINSULA
Peninsula in South East Europe
Fjords
Ocean inlets in Norway
Mountain Chains
divide people, hinder trade, and create natural borders
Alps
mountain range in central/southern Europe; includes the top of Italy, Germany, Austria
Pyrenees
mountain range that separates Spain and France
Balkan MOUNTAINS
mountain range in southeast Europe on the Balkan Peninsula
Trade
Peninsulas, rivers, and bodies of water=_____
Danube River
river in southwest Europe
Rhine Rivers
River in northwest Europe around France
North Sea
sea on the right of Great Britain and the left of Scandinavia
Black Sea
sea below southwest Europe above turkey
Mediterranean Sea
sea in south Europe below Italy above Africa
Strait of Gibraltar
strait between Africa and Spain
English Channel
channel between France and Great Britain
Tectonic Forces
In the north there are divergent boundaries creating some volcanic activity in Iceland, in the south are converging plates creating some earthquake activity
Climate
northwest=marine west coast(lots of rain and clouds);Italy, Spain, South= Mediterranean(warmer and dryer)
Latitude
Farther north you are the colder its going to be(down by Mediterranean Sea is warmer, Scandinavian is cooler)
Altitude
Southern Europe has many mountain ranges with a higher ______ than the rest of Europe, the higher up you go the colder it gets
Prevailing Winds
winds that moves things to the east from the west and blow the moderating climate from the Atlantic onto Europe
Distance From Oceans
most of Europe is close to oceans= moderate climate
Gulf Stream
warm water current from the tropics moves up the USA coast to europe, warm water=warm air
North Atlantic Drift
northern part of the gulf stream
great mountain barriers
Europe has mountains that run parallel to the prevailing winds so there is no orographic effect created, none of these in europe
polders
low laying land closed by barriers with no connection to outside water naturally, man made dam, in the Netherlands(lies below sea level)
canals
human made channels for water, connected to the rivers and are useful for trade and travel
pollution on the rhine/danube river
agriculture, MOSTLY INDUSTRIAL, and human factors cause pollution here(2 main rivers)
acid rain
acid gases carried by wind dissolve into rain killing the plant life and breaks down monuments, pollution=____, most of it comes from europe's factories
oil and the north sea
the north sea has sizable oil reserves (oil and natural gas), mostly shared by Norway and the UK
Venice
city is sinking, rivers deposit silt into waters, gets compacted, buildings placed on soil, soil can not be replaced
importance of northern European plain
highway for invading groups of people, bread basket of europe
influence on patterns of language from roman empire
roman core-romance, Germania-Germanic, closer to asia- slavic
influence on patterns of religion from roman empire
roman core- catholic, Germania- protestant, closer to asia- eastern orthodox
black death/ bubonic plague
disease brought by fleas on rats on trade ships, trade spread it, 25 million died= 1/4 the population of Europe
irish potato famine
everything in Ireland was based on the potato, potatoes become poisonous and kill lots of people from poison or starvation
mountain chains as barriers to cultural diffusion
mountains divide up many different close countries, prevented the easy spread of culture
distribution of islam in europe
Iberian peninsula/Eastern Europe is heavily islam populated
roma
Ancient ethnic group originating from Eastern Europe, stateless nation
Sami
Stateless nation in Scandinavia
basques
Ethnic group in the Pyrenees mountains, wanted full independence, stateless nation
stateless nations
religious/ethnic group that is not the majority of the population in a state
fall of communism in eastern Europe social issues
loss of communist safety net, corruption, organized crime, nationalism
fall of communism in eastern Europe economic issues
unemployment, poor business sense, lack of markets, outdated industries and agriculture
fall of communism in eastern Europe political issues
former communists in government, will there be fast reform?, new governments having to learn democracy and how it works
Satellite Nations
countries heavily influenced or dependent on the USSR/Russia (Ukraine, Poland, Romania, Lithuania)
Berlin Wall
Built by East Germans after WW2 to separate free west Berlin from communist east Berlin, symbolized the tension between communism and democracy
causes of unrest in northern ireland
land given to protestants 100 years ago=northern Ireland, Catholics in the south, violence between catholics and protestants between making northern Ireland part of Ireland
breakup of Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia was its own country after WW1, Serbs kept Yugoslavia very communist state, after the breakup of the Soviet Union Yugoslavia was left with a void of government lead by also ordain Milosevic
Nationalism
being loyal and proud of your country, united
nation states
state with a common ethnic/religious group
balkanization
separation of the Balkan Peninsula countries and are hostile
Josip broz tito
former president of yugoslavia
Serbs
speak Serbian, Serbian Orthodox Church
Croats
speak Croatian, catholic
Bosnians
speak Bosnian, islam
greater serbia
large areas near Serbia including Croatia bosnia and dalmatia combined to one large country country
kosovo
the least developed country in Europe, disrupted territory in Balkan peninsula
ethnic albanians
ethnic group native to albania
ethnic cleansing
large killing of members of an unwanted ethnic/religious group
genocide
the deliberate mass killing of a large group of people
the European union
unification of 27 member states
why was the EU created
to create political and economic community throughout Europe after WW2
benefits of membership
health care, raises wages, social security, job opportunities, commute between countries
disadvantages
high taxes, value of euro could drop, distrust of Germany, cheap foreign products hurt business, poor countries depend on rich countries
patterns of population
most populated in northern Europe and parts of Italy and spain
coal fields/ industrial revolution
more populated areas from coal and iron ore deposits, more developed areas because of this
physical landforms
______= less people, less connection, harder to travel through
Socialism in Europe
Socialist governments provide many social programs, citizens pay very high taxes to support social programs
Left
What side of the political spectrum does socialist government fall on?
Link to the the Atlantic Ocean
Why are Europe's bodies of water and rivers important?
Subsidence
Sinking of soil in Venice, soil is compacted but not replaced by natural processes