Universalism
the generalization or normalization of behavior
clarification
reformulate problem in a client's words to make sure that you are on the same wavelength
confrontation
calling attention to something
interpretation
pulling together patterns of behavior to get a new understanding
reframing and relabeling
stating problem in a different way so a client can see possible solutions
Precontemplation
no intention of changing behavior
contemplation stage
stage of change in which people conflicted emotion
preparation stage
stage of change in which people are getting ready to make a change
- collecting information about change
action stage
Stage of change in which people are actively changing a negative behavior or adopting a new, healthy behavior
maintenance stage
stage of change in which people maintain behavioral change
- avoiding temptation
relapse stage
stage of change where feelings of frustration and failure occur ( last stage)
Subpoena vs. Court Order
a subpoena and court order are NOT THE SAME. when receiving a subpoena, a social worker should respond and claim privilege, but not turn over records unless the court get subsequent order to do so.
- When a social worker gets a court order, he or she shou
- the social worker has the right to defend him/hersef and may need to release client information as part of defense. a social worker should try to limit this disclosure only to information required for defense
when a client sues a social worker
advocate role
in this role of social work the goal is to empower the client being served. social workers speak on the behalf of clients when others will not listen or when clients are unable to do so
broker role of social work
this role of social work is when the social worker is responsible for identifying, locating, and linking client systems to needed resources in a timely fashion
change agent role of social work
in this role of social work the social worker acts are part of a group or organization seeking to improve or restructure part of a service or organization
counselor role of social worker
this role of social work is focused on improving social fuctioning by affirming clients personal strengths and their capacities to deal with problems more effectively
mediator role of social work
this role of social work is when social workers intervene in disputes between parties to help them find compromise
acting as a resource
the primary role of social workers is to act as a _____ assuming the other roles are based on nature of client problems
complete participant
living the experience as a participant
participant observer
interacting with those who are participating
observer-as-participant role
role that is limited relationship with others participating-- primarily observer
complete observer
observes without becoming a participant
- removed from activity
active listening
technique in which social workers are sitting up straight and leaning toward clients in a relaxed and open manner.
- can involve commenting on clients statements, asking open-ended questions and making statements that is showing listening is occurring
silence
Technique used by social worker that can show acceptance of client's feelings and promotes introspection or time to think about what has been learned
--- can be very helpful with a client who is displaying a high degree of emotion
congruence
the matching of awareness and experience with communication
Live modeling
modeling where the client is watching a real person perform the desired behavior
covert modeling
clients are asked to use their imagination, visualizing a particular behavior as another describes the imaginary situation in detail.
participant modeling
modeling technique in which a model demonstrates the desired behavior in a step-by-step, gradual process while the client is encouraged to imitate the model
harm reduction approach
a response to high-risk behavior that focuses on reducing the harm such behaviors have on people's lives
- seeks to reduce or minimize the adverse health and social consequences
Strategic Family Therapy
type of family therapy that is active, beef, direct and focuses on creating behavior change with the assumption that families will modify and be willing to adjust
1st Order Change (Strategic Family Therapy)
superficial behavioral change within a system that don't change structure of system
2nd Order Change (Strategic Family Therapy)
changes to systematic interaction pattern so that the system is reorganized and functions better
Bowenian Family Therapy
- the goal of this approach is not symptom reduction rather it is interested in improving the intergenerational transmission process
- important interconnected concepts are differentiation, emotional system, multigenerational transmission, emotional trian
structural family therapy
treatment in which therapists deeply involve themselves in family activities to change how family members arrange and organize interactions
- the social worker "joins" the family to assist in re-organization process
nuclear family
most basic unity in society based on bowenian therapy
Differentiation
core concept of bowenian family therapy
-- the extent that an individual can still be an individual while in emotional contact with the family
Emotional fusion (Bowenian Family Therapy)
Counterpart of differentiation, in which it is the tendency for family members to share an emotional response
- a result or poor interpersonal boundaries between family members
- little room for emotional autonomy
Emotional triangle (Bowenian Family Therapy)
The network of relationships among 3 people
- when anxiety is introduced with 2 people, a third party is recruited to reduce overall anxiety
Steps in Cognitive Restructuring
1)accepting that their self-statements, assumptions& beliefs determine or govern their emotional reaction to life's events;
2)identifying dysfunctional beliefs and patterns of thoughts that underlie their problems;
3)identifying situations that evoke dysf
Client self-monitoring
An approach to assessment in which clients track symptoms on logs or in journals, write descriptions, and record feelings, behaviors, and thoughts associated with particular times, events, symptoms, or difficulties.
3 components :
1) disturbing emotional
The Gottman method
specific couples therapy approach
healthy relationships are ones in which individuals know each others stresses/worries, share fondness/admiration, maintain sense of positiveness, manage conflict, trust one another, and are committed
focuses on conflictin
permanency planning
an approach to child welfare focused on getting children back into their homes if they are safe
midnfulness
the practice of paying close attention to what is being experienced in the present moment, inside the body, and the external world
1) assessment
2) planning
3) linking
4) monitoring
5) advocacy
5 components of case management
case management
the primary goal of ______ is to optimize client functioning and well-being by providing and corroding high quality services
primary prevention
type of prevents who's Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring.
secondary prevention
type of prevention that occurs after a disease or illness or injury has occurred. focus is on slowing progression or limiting long term effects
tertiary prevention
type of prevention that focuses on managing complicated, longterm disease, illness, or injuries. the goal is to prevent further deterioration and maximize quality of life because disease is ow established and primary prevention activities have been unsuce
formative evaluation
an ongoing process that allows for feedback to be implement during service delivery
-need assessment is an example
summative evaluation
type of evaluation that occurs at the end of services and provides an overall description of their effectiveness
-impact evaluation cost- benefit analysis are examples
Intradisciplinary team
Single discipline team approach , such as social work.
interdisciplinary team
a group of health care professionals with varied medical educations, backgrounds, and experiences who work together to deliver the best possible care for each patient
risk management
an ongoing process that consists of preventative strategies and corrective actions that result from audits
1)orientation
2) conflict
3)Emergence
4)Reinforcement
stages of community based decision making
Social Planning
The process by which a group or community decides its goals and strategies relating to societal issues
Cooptation
a strategy to influence social policy by trying to quiet dissenters by channeling their energies into more legit and less disruptive activities
service network
a group of collaborating social service agencies who are partnered in providing services that complement one another in order to comprehensively meet clients needs
community organizing
a macro level approach that focuses on harnessing the collective power of communities to help tackle issues of shared concern
scientific management
classical organizational theory that is based on (a) finding the one "best way" to perform each task; (b) carefully matching each worker to each task; (c) closely supervising workers, using reward and punishment as motivators; and (d) managing and control
Webster's Bureaucratic Theory
classical organizational theory that emphasized the need for a hierarchical structure of power to ensure stability and uniformity. Weber also put forth the notion that organizational behavior is a network of human interactions, where all behavior could be
administrative theory
classical organizational theory that emphasized establishing a universal set of management principles that could be applied to all organizations.
human relations theory (theory y)
neoclassical organizational theory that evolved as a reaction to the tough, authoritarian structure of classical theory. It displayed genuine concern for human needs in order to produce creativity and emphasized the importance of cohesive work groups, par
systems approach
modern organizational theory that concern the organization as a system of interrelated, mutually dependent subsystems
Sociotechnical approach
modern organizational theory that says the organization as composed of a social system, technical system, and its environment. These interact with each other, so it is necessary to balance them appropriately for effective functioning of the organization.
Contingency or situational approach
modern organizational theory that recognizes that organizational systems are interrelated with their environment and that different environments require different organizational systems for effectiveness
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, and national origin in programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance at a federal level
Older Americans Act of 1965 (OAA)
offers grants to states to provide supportive services for people over 60 years old
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974
Law enacted in 1974 that requires the reporting of child abuse or suspected abuse
-provides federal funding for states to support prevention, assessment investigation, persecution and treatment
Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978
gives American Indian/Native American/Indigenous nations or organizations jurisdiction over child welfare cases that involve their children in order to protect the integrity of American Indian/Native American/Indigenous families. P. 148
-a) verify the eth
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
Protects a student's educational records and is specific to educational institutions that receive federal funding.
- when a student turn 18 years old these right transfer to them
-parents also have the right to request that a school correct records that t
Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
--now known as the individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA)
act that established the right of all children to a free and appropriate education, regardless of handicapping condition between the ages of 3-21
- established IEP's for each student and must be educated in the "least restrictive environment"
- no extra c
The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare act of 1980
law that focuses on family preservation efforts to help keep families together and children out of out of home placements.
-This law focuses on family reunification of adoption if the child is removed from the home. This act mandates court to review child
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)
civil rights legislation that prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability and has been amended and affords similar protections as the Civil Rights act of 1964 for discrimination based on race, religion, sex and national origin.
--ADA requires empl
that they attempted to explain people's motivation to work strictly as a function of economic reward
major deficiency with classical organizational theories
Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) of 1991
Introduced a new set of federal requirements intended to implement advance directive policies at all health care facilities that receive federal funding through Medicaid and Medicare programs. P. 149
-The Act specified that these facilities must inform cl
advance directives
a legal way of indicating that a person has given the legal rights to a designated person to make decisions on his or her behalf about continuation of support measures should the individual be incapable physically or mentally of making wants known.
living will
a type of advance directive that allows individuals to retain some control over what happens at the end of their lives, even if the individuals are then no longer competent to make personal choices for terminal care, by specifying their wishes while they
The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993
This federal law requires employers with 50 or more employees to provide their employees with up to 12 weeks of family or medical leave during any twelve-month period. During the leave period, the employer must continue to provide benefits to the employee
The Multiethnic Placement Act (MEPA) of 1994
Act that prohibit agencies from refusing or delaying foster or adoptive placements because of a child's or foster/adoptive parent's race, color, or national origin, and prohibits agencies from considering race, color, or national origin as a basis for den
the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) of 1994
Has improved the criminal justice response to violence against women by strengthening federal penalties for repeated sex offenders and creating a federal "rape shield law" which is intended to prevent offenders from using victims' past sexual conduct agai
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996
was considered to be a fundamental shift in both the method and goal of federal cash assistance to the poor. It added a workforce development component to welfare legislation, encouraging employment among the poor.
----PRWORA instituted Temporary Assistan
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
provides individuals with access to their medical records and more control over how their personal health information is used and disclosed. It represents a uniform, federal floor of privacy protections for individuals across the country.
---State laws pr
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010
expands access to insurance, increases protections, emphasizes prevention and wellness, improves quality and system performance, expands the health workforce, and curbs rising health care costs.
--Key provisions of the ACA that intend to address rising he
The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) of 2014
reauthorizes the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) of 1998 with several key changes in areas such as Workforce Development Boards; One-Stop Operations; Job-Driven Training for Adults and Dislocated Workers; and Integrated Performance and Youth Services.
Quality Assurance
attempting to gather and assess a range of information on quality, and they work to implement needed improvements on an ongoing basis.
advocacy
attempting to influence public policy through education, lobbying, or political pressure.
leadership is more focused on he future, dealing with uncertainty and instability, and prospectively considering the ways in which organizational operations need to change.
- Management is more focused on the effectiveness, efficiency, and planning
leadership vs management
planning
financial management technique that the short- and long-term strategies used to ensure fiscal solvency
Acquisition
financial management technique that describes the gathering of human, material, and economic resources through such means as fundraising, grant writing, contractual arrangements, fees, purchase of merchandise, and so on
allocation
financial management technique that describes the distribution of resources internally (such as to specific departments) or externally (such as by contracting outside organization or using consultants)
internal control
financial management technique that describes the the establishment of standardized policies and procedures relating to all transactions and events involving monetary items (including the use of generally accepted accounting principles and adherence to co
Recording and Reporting
the financial management technique that describes the use of a manual, automated, or computerized system to list and classify all transactions of a fiscal nature in journals and ledgers to generate statements and reports
evaluating
financial management technique that describes the periodic review of financial activities to assess their efficiency and effectiveness at meeting the goal of financial accountability
administrative supervision
type of supervision that aims to ensure that a social worker is accountable to the public as well as to his or her organization's policies.
education supervision
type of supervision. that establishes a learning alliance between a supervisor and a social worker with the aim of teaching new skills or refining existing ones.
Supportive Supervision
type of supervision that is focused on increasing performance by decreasing job-related stress that interferes with functioning.
cost-benefit analysis
program evaluation technique that determines the financial costs of operating a program as compared with the fiscal benefits of its outcomes.
A cost-benefit ratio is generated to determine whether, and the extent to which, the costs exceed the benefits.
Cost-effectiveness analysis
is similar to a cost-benefit analysis, but distinct. It considers the benefits that are not measured in monetary terms, such as illnesses prevented and/or lives saved. It does not produce a cost-benefit ratio, but may focus on the most financially efficie
Outcome Assessment
type of program evaluation that sees the process of determining whether a program has achieved its intended goal(s). It involves collecting evidence through assessment, analyzing the data, and then using the findings to make programmatic changes if needed
Service
Social justice
Dignity and worth of the person
Importance of human relationships
Integrity
Competence
core values are the foundation of social work practice:
1)Identify ethical standards, (always go to the NASW Code of Ethics first�do not rely on supervisor or coworkers)
2)Determine whether there is an ethical issue or dilemma
3)Weigh ethical issues in light of key social work values and principles as defined
...
Family Projection Process
Describes the primary way parents transmit their emotional problems to a child- part of Bowenian method
Asian
Family: patriarchal system in which a wife has lower status and is subservient to her father, husband, and oldest son; obligation to parents and respect for elders; hierarchical family structure with strictly prescribed roles and rules of behavior and con