Describe how the majority of Britains lived in houses
1 round room where whole family slept, worked, and ate with no windows, one low door, and no chimney
What began to appear thirty years after the Roman invasion?
Simple Roman-British "villas
What were the purposes of these structures?
act as a center of a working farm community
Give one sign of Roman influence on the Britons
Changed from round huts to rectangular buildings
Describe the layout and building materials of this new building
4-5 rooms linked by a corridor, brick & tile
From what two items were the later villas constructed?
cut stone & cement
List thirteen things the grandest villas had
long colonnades, under-floor heating, ornamental gardens, mosaics, wall paintings, flushing toilets, glass windows, workshops, barns, sheds, living quarters for farm laborers, tepidarium, caldarium
What were two practical considerations an owner would look for before building a villa?
Shelter from winds and running water nearby
What were five main crops?
Wheat, barley, oats, rye, and m
For what five purposes were a variety of farm animals kept?
Food, transport, clothing, bone, and fertilizer
What did ancient peoples use for sweetener?
Honey
Name two foods the Romans introduced to Britain.
Cherries and peas
How did the Britons expand their farmland into the marshlands?
Drainage tiles and dikes
What would the occupiers of villas do to get things they could not produce?
Trade for them
Who supervised the villa? What would his standing in society probably have been?
A farm manager/overseer who was often a slave
What were three of his responsibilities?
buying anything that couldn't be produced, looking after the buildings and the slaves
List six industries provided by country estates
market-gardening, fruit-growing, wool, dye, pottery, tillery, Britain hunting dogs
What discovery indicated that there was no longer a barter economy in Britain?
coins were discovered
What was one landowner's definition of farm slaves?
farming equipment with voices
Compare the probable origin of Salvius' farm slaves to that of his household slaves.
Farm slaves are from Britain, the house slaves were imported
Compare the working conditions for domestic, farm, and mine slaves/
domestic-least harsh
farm- harsher
mine-harshest
Why were slaves sent to the mines?
As punishment
In theory what protection did the law give to slaves? In practice?
The law was owners couldn't kill a sick slave, but in practice this law was often ignored
How did the availability of slaves in the first century A.D. affect their cost?
They were so scarce they were therefore more expensive
What was, thus, the effect on the owner?
They were more motivated to look after the welfare of their slaves