Trojan War
War that took place around 1250 B.C. between Mycenae and Troy
Heinrich Schliemann
A wealthy German businessman who set out to prove that the Trojan war was a legend. He ended up finding evidence of the war though
Homer
Ancient Greek writer/poet who is credited with writing the "Iliad" and "The Odyssey
Shrine
area dedicated to the honor of gods and goddesses
Fresco
watercolor paintings done on wet plaster
Strait
narrow water passages
Iliad
Poem by Homer that is the chief source of information about the Trojan War
Odyssey
Written account of the struggles of the Greek hero Odysseus in his attempts to return home to his wife Penelope after the fall of Troy in the Trojan War
Odysseus
Greek hero in the poem Odyssey. He encounters a sea monster, one-eyed giant, and sorceress on his way back to his wife from war
Penelope
wife of Odysseus
Achilles
Greek warrior in the Iliad who sulks in his tent until he returns to battle after his friend dies
Peloponnesus
Southern part of Greece where Sparta was located
Solon
A wise and trusted leader who was appointed chief official of Athens
Cleisthenes
Athenian leader who made the assembly a genuine legislature
Zeus
Chief god of the Greeks
Polis
city-state in ancient Greece
Acropolis
High city that stood atop Greek city-states
Aristocracy
Rule by landholding elite
Oligarchy
government in which ruling power belongs to a few people
Phalanx
in ancient Greece, a massive formation of heavily armed foot soldiers
Helot
Members who resided in Sparta
Democracy
government in which the people hold ruling power
Tyrant
in ancient Greece, ruler who gained power by force
Marathon
a plain North of Athens
Thermistocles
Athenian leader who defeated the Persians at Marathon
Delian League
Sparta and its allies formed the Peloponnesian League to counter this
Pericles
Leader of Athens during its golden age
Aspasia
Foreign-born woman who assisted Pericles in turning Athens into the cultural center of Greece
Alliance
a formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another's defense
direct democracy
system of government in which citizens participate directly in the day-to-day affairs of government rather than through elected representatives
stipend
fixed salary
jury
panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgment in a trial
Ostracism
used in ancient Greece to banish or send away a public figure who threatened democracy
Socrates
Greek philosopher whose main student was Plato
Aristotle
Plato's most famous student; founded the Lyceum
Parthenon
A temple dedicated to the goddess Athena
Sophocles
Greek playwright who specialized in writing tragedies such as "Antigone
Euripides
Greek playwright who specialized in writing tragedies such as "The Trojan Women
Herodotus
Father of History" who visited many lands, collected information from people who remembered the events he chronicled, and wrote The Persian Wars. Stressed the importance of research
Thucydides
Greek historian who wrote about the Peloponnesian War
Logic
rational thinking
Rhetoric
the art of skillful speaking
tragedy
plays that told stories of human suffering that usually ended in disaster
comedy
humorous plays that mocked people or customs
Darius I
Leader of Persia who was defeated by the Greeks at The Battle of Marathon
Xerxes
Persian emperor who fought the Greek city-states in a series of wars beginning in 480 B.C.E.
The Republic
Book written by Plato that described his ideal form of government
The Academy
School set up by Plato where he taught about and wrote his own ideas
The Lyceum
School set up by Aristotle
Mount Olympus
where Gods like Zeus lived
Aphrodite
Goddess of love
Athena
Goddess of wisdom
Ares
God of war
Antigone
Tragedy written by Sophocles where Antigone's brother was killed, and Antigone can't bury his body
Lysistrata
Tragedy written by Aristophanes where women of Athens band together to force their husbands to end a war against Sparta
Heliocentric
The idea that the sun is located at the center of the universe
Archimedes
Most famous Hellenistic who applied principles of physics to make practical inventions
Philip of Macedonia
King of Macedonia
Euclid
Author of The Elements
Pheidippides
Greek "marathon runner
Sparta is an example of a Greek city-state that had a democratic form of government (T/F)
false
At the Battle of the Dardanelles, the Greeks defeated the Persians, prompting the Greek runner Pericles to go and run the first "marathon" (T/F)
false
The Greeks believed that their gods lived atop of Mount Olympus (T/F)
true
The Parthenon was a large temple on the acropolis in Athens (T/F)
true
Herodotus was a Greek historian who wrote about the Persian Wars and is often called the "Father of History" (T/F)
true
Stoicism was a philosophical school of thought founded by Socrates in ancient Greece (T/F)
false
The Greek mathematician Pythagoras developed the well known principle of E=mc2 (T/F)
false
A shrine is a watercolor painting done on wet plaster (T/F)
false