what were the makeshift shantytowns on public land called
Hoovervilles
how did the unemployment rate change between 1929 and 1933
it grew by more than 20 percent
how was the appearance of bread lines related to rising unemployment
bread lines offered free food to struggling families
how did jobless workers use their skills in Hoovervilles
they built makeshift dwellings from scrap materials
what impact did the falling prices of commodities have on farmers
they could not pay their debts
which group of farmers remained on their land but worked for bigger landowners
tenant farmers
what group faced competition from whites moving to western states such as California
Mexican Americans
why did farmers dump 1000 gallons of milk new Sioux City, Iowa
to protest low prices for milk
how did tenant farmers cope with falling prices for farm products
they went to work for larger landowners
why did some Americans in the Southwest call for the repatriation of Mexican immigrants
White Americans wanted access to jobs that immigrants held
how did the depression affect farm life
crop prices fell, and teh debts of farmers increased
who were tenant farmers
farmers who lost their farms, but remained on the land working for bigger landowners
what effect did the Great Depression have on minority groups such as Mexican and African Americans
discriminatory practices worsened during the Great Depression
what did most people do who lived in the Dust Bowl
they migrated out
what ecological factor made agriculture difficult on the Great Plains in the 1930s
insufficient rainfall
how did the cultivation of winter wheat help create the Dust Bowl in the Great Plains
replacing natural grasses to plant winter wheat led to topsoil erosion
where did most families who had to abandon their farms migrate in order to rebuild their lives
to cities
how did farmers contribute to the problems that led to the Dust Bowl
by using intensive farming practices that removed protective grasses
which factors contributed to the Dust Bowl
drought, dust storms, and intensive farming
how did the Dust Bowl motivate the government to help Great Plains farmers
the government dammed western rivers
what is the best description of a Hooverville
a camp for homeless people
what state drew many migrant families, or Okies, seeking work
California
how did tenant farmers stay on the land after losing their farms
by renting land to farm from larger landowners
how did the depression affect workers who kept their jobs
there were cutbacks in wages and hours
what was the unemployment rate in 1933
about 25 percent
what was Hoovers initial policy for dealing with the depression
at first he felt that government should not get involved, so he did nothing
what happened to Hoovers ideas that volunteerism and localism would fix the financial crisis
there were ineffective
why did Herbert Hoover initially do little to respond to the nations economic crisis
he believed that government should not interfere in buisiness cycles
how did Herbert Hoover think volunteerism would help turn the economy around
businesses and individuals would work together to end the crisis
why did the policy of localism fail to provide sufficient economic relief
city and state governments had few resouces to relieve the crisis
what theory prompted Hoovers plan to loan money to banks and other large businesses
trickle-down economics
how was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) supposed to battle the depression
by giving government loans to businesses and banks
why did Herbert Hoovers theory of trickle-down economics fail to work as he had hoped
banks often refused to lend government money to businesses
what positive effect did the construction of the Hoover Dam have on the economy of the Southwest in the 1930s
it increased employment
what did the Bonus Army want
money
what aspect of socialism did some Americans believe offered a way out of the depression
a state-run economy
what did the Bonus Army demand from President Herbert Hoover
early delievery of promised payments for military service
how did General Douglas MacArthur respond to Herbert Hoovers order to clear Bonus Army veterans from their makeshift camps
he used force to remove the protesters
during the Great Depression, which economic system did many Americans think was part of the problem
capitalism
what group of people marched on Washington, D.C., after World War 1
World War 1 veterans
what was the result of Hoovers order to remove the Bonus Army out of Washington, D.C.
the order ended any chance he had to be reelected
why did Herbert Hoovers theory of trickle-down economics fail to end the depression
banks refused to lend to businesses
the construction of Hoover Dam was the result of what kind of government intervention in the economy
a public works program
according to the theory of localism, which groups should have been best able to deal with the economic crisis
state and local governments
what group thought a stat-run economy would help end the depression
socialists
the bonus army was made up of people from what group
World War 1 veterans
what solution did fascists promote to end the depression
strong central leadership
what group throught a state-run economy would help end the depression
socialists
what method did Douglas MacArthur use to clear the Bonus Army from Washington, D.C.
tear gas and bayonets
what caused Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) to run for President during the Great Depression
a dedication to public service
what idea was teh centerpiece of FDRs New Deal with which he hoped to reverse the depression
experimentation with federal programs
why did Franklin D. Roosevelt seem a strange choice for President during the Depression
he had never known economic hardship
what were the goals of the New Deal
to provide relief, achieve recovery, and institute reform
who did FDR depend on heavily to serve as his "eyes and ears
Eleanor Roosevelt
which of Roosevelts programs tried to counter the depressions devastating impact on young men
the Civilian Conservation Corps, or CCC
what crises did Franklin D. Roosevelt help clam with the creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), explained in the first of his firside chats
a banking panic
why did the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) attract so much criticism
it was a power company run by the federal government
what opportunitites did the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) offer young men affected by the depression
outdoor labor employment
what wsa the main purpose of the National Recovery Administration (NRA)
to set minimum wages and prices
the Public Works Administration (PWA) helped make improvements to what part of the nations economy
infrastructure and jobs
in general, how did the Right view the New Deal
many on the Right felt it was "too much
what was Senator Huey Longs solution to the depression
the "Share Out Welath" program
why did the members of the American Loberty League oppose the New Deal
they believed it made government too powreful
what challenge did Father Charles Coughlin and Senator Huey Long pose to Franklin D. Roosevelts recovery programs
they attracted large audiences by claming the New Deal failed the poor
what step did the National Recovery Administration (NRA) take to restore the nations economy
it establised a minimum wage
how did Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal break with Herbert Hoovers policies toward the depression
the government would take a stronger, more active role in teh crisis
how did the creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) help end the banking crisis
by insuring bank deposits up to $5000
what difficulty did Franklin D. Roosevelt overcome in his rise to the presidency
a physical disability
what outcome did the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) share
creating jobs
what is the best description of FDR's fireside chats
FDR's informal radio speeches to the people
how did Father Charles Coughlin gather for his criticisms of the New Deal
through a weekly radio show
what did the Words Progress Administration (WPA) do
it created jobs
how did the New Deal help farmers
it provided them with electric power and increased their income by subsidizing prices
what is one way the Works Progress Administration (WPA) delivered on the promises of the Second New Deal
WPA workers constructed over 650,000 miles of highways
why did John Maynard Keynes support the idea of pump priming, despite increased federal budget deficits
he believed deficit spending would stimulate the economy and creat jobs
what benefits did the Social Security Act provide to ensure peoples economic well-being
it provided pensions for the elderly and aid for poor mothers
why did Franklin D. Roosevelt think the Wagner Act and giving unions the right to collective bargaining would help the economy
he believed unions would raise living standards for industrial workers
what controversial work rule was established by the Fair Labor Standards Act
Employers must give workers a minimum wage
in contrast to workers in the American Federation of Labor (AFL), which workers did the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) help organize
lower paid, ethnically diverse workers
how did the sit-down by the United Automobile Workers Union (UAW) produce change at General Motors (GM)
UAW members refused to leave a G< plant until the company agreed to recognize the union
what did critics call Roosevelts plan to increase the number of Supreme Court justices
court packing
how did Franklin D. Roosevelts court-packing plan seek to change the makeup of the Supreme Court
by expanding the nine-member Court with up to six more Justices
how did the court-packing plan affect Franklin D. Roosevelts plans for the New Deal
it weakened public support for new legislation
Franklin D. Roosevelts court-packing plan was designed to help lessen the power of with group
Supreme Court
why did FDR not have to convince Congress to enact his court-packing plan
the Supreme Court began ruling in favor of New Deal programs
what is one benefit the Works Progress Administration (WPA) provided Americans
new and improved highways
against which industry did the Congress of Industrial Organizations' (CIO's) newly formed union stage a successful sit-down strike in 1936
automobile industry
what did Franklin D. Roosevelt do in the late 1930s that set back New Deal economic gains
he cut government spending
how did the Supreme Gourt block Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal policies
it declared several key programs unconstitutional
what goal did Franklin D. Roosevelt set for the Second New Deal
to promote the general welfare
what program hoped to increase Indian control over their own affairs
Indian New Deal
how did Eleanor Roosevelt change the role of the First Lady during Franklin D. Roosevelts time in office
she took an active role in public policy issues
how did Franklin D. Roosevelt use the New Deal to advance service roles for women in government
by giving women leadership opportunities
why did Mary McLeod bethune believe Franklin D. Roosevelts Black Cabinet represented a step foward for African Americans
its members went on to fill important positions within government
what major issue did the Indian New Deal help resolve in favor of Native Americans rights
loss of tribal lands
how did Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal coalition affect African American voting patterns
more African Americans voted Democratic
how did the New Deal change voting patterns among African Americans
there was a trend from voting Republican to voting Democratic
why were programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and Works Progress Administration (WPA) credited with helping to unite Americans
Federal programs allowed people to different backgrounds to work together
in the New Deals welfare state, who became responsible for the care of societys most vulnerable citizens
the federal government
what effect did the New Deal coalition have on voting trends
African Americans began to vote Democratic
which political group became a sizable majority in Congress due to the suport of the New Deal coalition
Democrats
besides forging a powerful political coalition, what was another accomplishment of Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal
helped unify the nation
what did the federal government do in response to the Great Depression that it had never done before
it acted as employer to the unemployed
what unwritten rule regarding the office of President did Roosevelt break
holding office for a maximum of two terms
how did New Deal policies help Franklin D. Roosevelt increase the power of the presidency over the federal government
by giving greater authority to federal administratiors
what limits does the twenty-second Amendment of the Constitution place on the President
a President can serve no more than two terms
which economic system did many New Deal measures strengthened
capitalism
what principle did the New Deal establish
that the federal government was responsible for the welfare of all Americans
which government branch increased its power as New Deal programs and federal agencies were created
executive
how did Franklin D. Roosevelt expand presidential powre within the federal government
he created powerful new federal programs
how did the Indian New Deal attempt to solve the issue of tribale land loss
it gave tribes greater control of their own affairs
what political statement did Eleanor Roosevelt make while attending the biracial Southern Conference on Human Welfare
she sat with the African American delegates
Mary McLeod Bethune praised Franklin D. Roosevelt for offering which group access to the White House
African Americans
under the New Deal, the federal government became a welfare state because of its policies to benefit which group
disadvantaged citizens
what roles did members of the Black Cabinet play in the Roosevelt administration
they served as unofficial advisers
what was the significance of Frances Perkins role in the Roosevelt administration
she was the first female Cabinet member