US History Unit 8

Muckrakers

1906 - Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big business

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle

novel published in 1906 that portrayed the filthy conditions in Chicago's meatpacking industry and led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act

Meat Inspection Act/Pure Food and Drug Act

1906, authorized Secretary of Agriculture to inspect and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption/ all labels on any type of food had to be accurate

Ida Tarbell's History of Standard Oil

revealed Rockefeller's ruthless business practices and called for the break-up of large monopolies

Jane Addams

1860-1935. Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's Intenational League for Peace and Freedom.
who created Hull House in Chicago

Hull House/Settlement Houses

Settlement home designed as a welfare agency for needy families. It provided social and educational opportunities for working class people in the neighborhood as well as improving some of the conditions caused by poverty.

Social Gospel Movement

A 19th century reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty

Dubois vs. Washington

Dubois fought for black rights. Washington wanted blacks to fight for themselves within the system.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism and to gain civil rights for African Americans, got Supreme Court to declare grandfather clause unconstitutional

Initiative, Referendum, Recall

People have the right to propose a new law. A law passed by the legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto. The people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office.

Wisconsin Idea

Package of reform ideas advocated by LaFollette that included Initiative, Recall, Referendum

16th Amendment

Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income.

17th Amendment

1913- allowed for the voters in each state to elect their US senators directly. Previously, senators had been chosen by state legislatures. Progressive reform to expand democracy.

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

19th Amendment

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.

Theodore Roosevelt

1858-1919. 26th President. Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germ

Square Deal

Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers

Trustbusting

Government activities seeking to dissolve corporate trusts and monopolies

Sherman Antitrust Act

(1890) a law that made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts that restrained free trade

Conservation

Preservation and protection of resources.

Bull Moose" Party

nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912

Clayton Antitrust Act

Corrected the problems of the Sherman Antitrust Act; outlawed certain practices that restricted competition; unions on strike could no longer be considered violating the antitrust acts

Federal Reserve

A national banking system, established in 1913, that controls the U.S. money supply and the availability of credit in the country.

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points

What were the four primary goals of the progressives?

protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, creating economic reform, fostering efficiency

Prohibitionist groups felt something was undermining American morals - what?

feared that alcohol was undermining American morals

What became, by 1911, the largest women's group in the nation's history?

The American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA)

Why were many immigrants opposed to the efforts of the Anti - Saloon League?

Were without means to support themselves

Who were the "muckrakers"?

People who wanted to expose all the Scandals of Big Businesses

Whose time and motion studies became the foundation of "scientific management?

Fredrick W. Taylor

How much did Henry Ford pay his workforce in the early 1900s?

$5 and gave them 8 hour work days

What was "Fighting Bob" La Follette's major target of his reforms as governor of Wisconsin?

progressivism

The Seventeenth amendment called for the direct, popular election of:

U.S senators

what percentage of college educated women remained unmarried?

70%

Who were the co - founders of the National Women Suffrage Association?

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton

Why was the liquor industry opposed to women's suffrage?

The liquor industry feared that if women voted, prohibition laws would be passed, which would make it illegal to make or sell alcoholic beverages

Where (territory or state) did women first win the right to vote?

Wyoming

Who was the author of The Jungle?

Upton Sinclair

Why was Theodore Roosevelt chosen to be William McKinley's Vice - Presidential running mate in 1900?

changed philosophy of power and his theory was "if the constitution does not say something, I can do it.

Whose progressive reforms were named the "Square Deal?

Theodore Roosevelt

Which president became known as the "trustbuster?

Theodore Roosevelt was known as a "trustbuster" because he wanted to test the power of the government to break up bad trusts. He even asked the Attorney General to bring a lawsuit against a trust to make his point.

Who intervened in the coal strike of 1902, forcing both sides to show up at the White House, ending the strike?

Gustav Stresemann

What two acts of Congress, passed at Teddy Roosevelt's urging, gave the ICC the power to regulate railroads?

Square Deal act,Sherman Antitrust Act

Who was seen as the first "Conservationist President?

Theodore Roosevelt was one of the first Presidents to make conservation a national issue.

What civil rights organization was established in New York City in 1909?

NAACP

Who promised, during the presidential election of 1908. to lower tariffs, then raised them once taking office?

William Taft

Who was nominated for the presidency by the Progressive Party ("Bull Moose Party")?

Theodore Roosevelt was

Who became the president as a result of the Election of 1912?

William Howard Taft

Whose presidential programs became known as the "New Freedom?

Woodrow Wilson

What antitrust legislation, enacted by Congress in 1914, gave the federal gov't greater powers to "bust" trusts?

Sherman Antitrust Act

What constitutional amendment, ratified in 1913, legalized a federal income tax?

18th Amendment

What act of Congress established the Federal Reserve System - still in use today?

Federal Reserve Act

What constitutional amendment, ratified in 1920, granted suffrage to women?

19th Amendment

Whose election as president led to segregation of public buildings in Washington, D.C.?

Rutherford b. Hayes

What European war brought an end to the Progressive movement?

world war 1