Mercantilism
* Colonies provide raw materials to "mother" country
* "Mother" country produces goods and sells them back to colonies for profit
*This keeps a favorable balance of trade, exporting more than you import
Trans-Atlantic Trade
* Trade between countries on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean
* Focused on the slave trade
New Amsterdam
* Major trade center in the Mid-Atlantic Colonies
* Originally owned by the Dutch, but later taken by the British
* It becomes New York after the British takeover
Southern Colonies
* Cash Crops: Tobacco, Cotton
* Warmest climate in the Colonial Regions
* Slave Labor
New England Colonies
* Major Industry: Fishing
* Natural Resources
* Pilgrims
* Puritans
* Coolest climate in the Colonial Regions
Mid-Atlantic Colonies
* Good Harbors
* Shipbuilding
* Trading Centers of the Colonial Regions
* "Breadbasket" of the Colonies
* Most tolerant and diverse Colonial Region
The Virginia Company
* Joint Stock Company= English investors put money in hopes of establishing a profitable colony in America
* Failed to find gold or silver
Powhatan Indians
* Eastern Virginia/ Maryland
* Started off peaceful and helpful with colonists but turned violent
* As more indentured servants got their freedom they encroached more and more on the Native lands
* Pocahontas
Virginia House of Burgesses
* 1st assembly of elected representatives in the colonies
* Famous members Include Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison
Cultural Diversity
A variety of cultures and ethnicities
John Rolfe
* Introduced tobacco to Jamestown
* Married Pocahontas
Pilgrims
* Separatists from Church of England
* Mayflower
* Plymouth Colony
Mayflower Compact
* Pilgrims signed it on board the Mayflower in 1620
* 1st written framework for government
Winthrop's "City on a Hill
* Massachusetts Bay
* Vision of the colony as a " city on a hill" or beacon of light for others to look upon
* Example of Christianity
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
1st written constitution in the Colonies
Foodways
The mixing of food in culture, traditions, and history from one place to another
Example: Africans brought yams and okra to North America.
Puritans
* Massachusetts Bay Colony
* Unable to "purify" the church
Town Hall Meetings
* Started in New England
* Somewhat informal where anyone interested could come and hear issues discussed and voice their opinions
Anne Hutchinson
* Excommunicated by the Puritans for being controversial
* Forced to leave Massachusetts Bay
* Helped develop Religious Freedom
Roger Williams
* Believed in Religious Freedom
* Dealt with Native Americans in a friendly and fair way- helped during the Pequot War
* Formed Rhode Island
Penn's "Holy Experiment
* William Penn founded Pennsylvania
* Quakers- very accepting of all people in the colony
* Friendly with the Natives
* Focus on Education
King Philip's War
The Native's attacked many of the New England towns and destroyed them losing about 10% of the population
The Middle Passage
Middle segment of Triangular Trade where slaves came from Africa to the Americas and Caribbean
Trans Atlantic Trade
Between Europe, Africa, and North America. Europe took slaves from Africa and sent them to the states. From the states they took Molasses, tea, and cotton, and really gave nothing back to the slaves.
Salutary Neglect
British policy of allowing the colonies to act as they were as long as they were profitable and mostly obedient to the Crown.
Navigation Acts
Banned trade of goods on foreign ships to the colonies
The Great Awakening
* Religious Revival
* Helped spark the development of democratic thinking, free press and helped lead to the American Revolution
Bacon's Rebellion
an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part; a similar uprising in Maryland occurred later that year. The uprising was a protest again
Stono Rebellion
a 1739 uprising of slaves in South Carolina, leading to the tightening of already harsh slave laws
Buffer Colony
one of three reasons for Georgia's founding; colony was to serve as a defensive buffer between Spanish Florida and the successful English colony of South Carolina.
Jamestown
The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia
Joint Stock Company
A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.
Salem Witch Trials
Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged as witches. Afterwards, most of the people involved admitted that the trials and executions had b