Economy of the North
Industrialized, commerce- based
Diverse
Didn't rely on slave labor
Opposed spread of slavery
Economy of South
Agricultural, plantation- based
Dependent on cotton
Dependent of slavery
Spread of slavery would protect its future
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Admitted new stats and divided western territory into slave and free states
Set Missouri Compromise line
Missouri (free or slave)
Slave
Maine (free or slave)
Free
Missouri Compromise Line
Stated slavery cannot go above this line
Compromise of 1850
California admitted as a free state and created a new Fugitive Slave Act because no new slave state was added
Fugitive Slave Act
Northerns must help in the apprehension and arrest of an escaped slave
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
Repealed Missouri Compromise
Allowed popular sovereignty to determine wether slavery was legal or not
Who sponsored the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Stephen Douglas
What resulted from the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Violence
Raised tensions
John Brown's Raid
Brown attempted to start a rebellion of enslaved people at Harper's Ferry in VA
John Brown
Started raid, which failed
Hanged and became a martyr for abolitionism
Dred Scott v Stanford (1857)
Scott was enslaved and taken to live in a free state by his owner. After his owner's death, he sued for freedom.
Court rulings of Dred Scott v Stanford
African Americans weren't citizens and had no right to sue
Couldn't limit slavery to the territories because he was property
Who won the election of 1860?
Abraham Lincoln
How did Lincoln win?
The Democratic party was split, so Republican Lincoln got all the Republican votes
Did Lincoln win in any Southern States?
Nope. Not a single one.
What did Lincoln pledge?
To leave slavery alone where it already existed
What was the first state to secede?
South Carolina (December of 1860)
How many states had seceded by February 1861?
7
Who was president of the Confederate States of America?
Jefferson Davis
What battle began the Civil War?
The Battle of Fort Sumter
Who won the battle of Fort Sumter?
Confederate
What happened after the Battle of Fort Sumter
Four more states seceded
Advantages of the North
Strong industrial economy
Larger population
More factories
More miles of railroad
Mature government
Advantages of the South
Strong military leadership
Fought for independence and their way of life
Fighting on home territory
Widespread support
Who won Bull Run
Confederate
Who won Chancellorsville
Confederate
Who was the southern general?
Robert E. Lee
Who won Antietam?
Union
What is the bloodiest battle and how many casualties?
Antietam
22,000
Emancipation Proclamation
Freed all enslaved people under the Confederate
Why was the Emancipation Proclamation important?
It made the Civil War a war to end slavery
Who won Vicksburg?
Union
Who won Gettysburg?
Union
Vicksburg
Union gained control of Mississippi River in Arkansas and split the Confederate in two
Gettysburg
Union defeated Lee in Pennsylvania
* Turning point!
Ulysses S. Grant
Major Union general
Total war
Complete destruction of towns, military, and people
Which side waged total war?
Union, with Ulysses S. Grant
Sherman's "March to the Sea
Destroyed everything in his path
Destroyed Southern morale
When did Lee surrender?
April 9, 1865
Where did Lee surrender?
Appomattox Court House in Virginia
How did Lincoln want to treat the South?
With kindness and mercy
Goals of Reconstruction
Returning seceded states to the Union
Assisting freed African Americans
Freedman's Bureau
Federal agency set up to help former slaves after the civil war
Presidential Reconstruction
Supported by president Johnson and based on Lincoln's ideas
Admitted all states back into US with few penalties
Effects of Presidential Reconstruction
Black codes
Re-creation of Southern government before slavery
Segregation and discrimination
Congressional Reconstruction
Supported by Radical Republicans in Congress
Penalized the South for stating the war
Effects of Congressional Reconstruction
Martial law
African American participation in government
Why was President Johnson impeached?
Radical Republicans thought he was blocking reconstruction
Argued he had broken the law by firing pro radical cabinet member
Did Johnson resign/lose office?
No, by one vote
13th Amendment
Abolition of slavery
14th Amendment
Granted citizenship to all and guaranteed equal protection under the law
15th Amendment
Granted right to vote to all males
Failures of Reconstruction
South passed Jim Crow laws
African Americans were disenfranchised
Most African Americans lived in poverty
Jim Crow laws
Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites
Disenfranchised
Denied the right to vote