What ethnic group made up a majority of the New England colonies?
English
What two colonies had the largest African populations?
South Carolina & Virginia
How does the ethnic diversity of the New England and Southern colonies compare?
Northern is mostly English while the Southern are much more diverse.
What regions made up the triangle trade?
Africa, Tropical Americas and Europe
What was shipped on each leg of the trade?
Goods, commodities from Africa.
Sugar, rice and tobacco.
Slaves to America.
Why were children not valued as slaves?
it cost as much to transport them as adults but they didn't sell for as much.
Describe the journey of the middle passage for the enslaved.
This was a horrific journey, life on the slave ship was a nightmare. It took 25- 90 days to make the trip. They crammed as many Africans into the ships as possible and sold those that were alive and well. Some of the crew members were shocked with the con
What was the Middle Passage?
The Middle Passage was the route that was taken to transport the slaves.
What were conditions like on the Middle Passage?
The conditions were horrible, they were crammed in tiny spaces and were basically forced to stay in their own filth for the 25-90 days.
Describe the overall tone of this piece? Is it hateful or sympathetic towards the slaves? How do you know?
It's sympathetic because it explains how awful it was and how it was a terrible place to be. Also how it considered them as "poor creatures".
If an African slave did live through the Middle Passage, what do you think would happen to him/her? Where would he go? What would his/her daily life be like?
He would be purchased and taken to some sort of unfair, cruel laborious job. His daily life would consist of getting woken up cruelly, barely fed, sent to work, beaten, whipped, spit on, taken back to his room and would probably sleep on the cold hard gro
Who was the leader of the Stono Rebellion?
Jimmy
The slaves rebelled because of what promise?
they were promised freedom in St Augustine
Where did the slaves begin the violence? Why?
General Store so they could get guns
Why was Mr. Wallace spared?
They knew him to be kind to his slaves
What happened to the rebels?
They fought boldly but at least 14 were injured or killed. Heads on posts.
How did "race slavery" change people?
17. How did "race slavery" change people?
That made people think that whites were always superior to blacks and all blacks were to be treated as slaves. This made whites think that violence against slaves is socially acceptable.
What were the effects of the Stono Rebellion for slaves living in South Carolina and the rest of the Southern Colonies?
Gave the concept that the black population had to be controlled. Laws are passed that took away freedom of the blacks. The negro act became the motto for slave laws.
1. Describe the three ways that Britain desired to use the colonies for their own good:
a. Market for English goods
b. Source of raw materials
c. Producer of goods to be sold to other nations
Why did the British implement the Navigation Acts(1651)?
because the English dont like that the colonies are trading directly with Spain and France.
What did the Navigation Acts do?
Americans coud only use English ships. (1651)
American colonies could only export their major products to England (1660)
How did the colonies react to the Navigation Acts?
Tension increases because the colonists do NOT like this extra control.
How did the rise of William and Mary to power lead to the colonist desiring independence?
This new freedom leads the colonists to desire self-governemnt.
State and explain some of the general characteristics of mercantilism.
Mercantilism was basically state control over human behavior, the main idea was that many aspects of a regions economy needed to be regulated. By getting the colonies the Englishmen were recognized by their purpose to satisfy the needs of the powers, at t
Explain the reasons for Britain's lenient policy of control over the thirteen colonies.
Little energy and time was available to rule the colonie's economic policies since the nglish were too busy with the problems in Europe.
Discuss the purpose of the Navigation Acts.
To limit colonial trade to the British only in order to make Britain wealthier and make sure that all the trading was controlled by the English.
How did these policies affect the colonies?
They actually were an advantage to the colonies, since they had things like having a built-in market for their raw products.
What impact did the French and Indian War have on the relationship between Britain and the colonies?
It weakened the relationship and caused tension between them.
To what extent do nations today practice mercantilism?
people probably still want a benefit in commercial trading.
Mercantilism had numerous supporters during the 16th to 18th centuries. No matter what the variations, it required a powerful government - one that would regulate economic affairs. One supporter of mercantilism was Thomas Munn:
In your own words, what is Thomas Munn stating?
That they should sell more than what they buy.
What would be the best possible situation for a nation to be in, according to Munn?
to sell more to them than receive from them.
According to the mercantilists, how can a nation increase its wealth by shipping out more than it receives?
It will make more money because of the value of things and they should keep in mind of when they receive, in case they have to sell at that time.
What're the new beliefs of Enlightenment?
New ideas about math and physics
Who is the leader of Enlightenment in colonies?
Benjamin Franklin
What are the Impacts/Effects of Enlightenment on colonies?
Were inspired.
Pursuit of knowledge
What're the new beliefs of the Great Awakening?
seeking God's salvation. Preached from town to town.
Who's the leader of the Great Awakening?
Jonathan Edwards
What is the impact/ effect of the Great Awakening in the colonies?
Urged people to ask forgiveness for their sins
What did New England have for their economy?
fishing
grew crops
raised livestock
Describe the New England colonies' society.
relatively few African Americans.
Most immigrants were from middle class and could pay their own way.
6 males for every 4 females .
rapid population growth in 1650's.
What did the middle colonies do for their economy?
Farming
export trade
What kind of diversity was their in the Middle Colonies?
religious diversity
What did the Southern Colonies do for their economy?
Sold for export:
tobacco, staple crop, cash crop, wheat
Describe the society of the Southern Colonies
African Americans made up most of the society
Governmentally, how did the colonies view themselves? How did the British view the colonies?
Colonists: equal to the mother country and increasingly self confident.
British:thought they had the right to dictate the colonies.
Why did the colonist feel stronger ties to England than to each other?
They rarely work together even when attacked by an enemy
Describe New France.
The area where there was strong Indian confederacy. Underpopulated compared to British America and are interested in fur trading.
Describe the relationship between the French settlers and the Native Americans.
They trade with each other, weapons for fur. They allied with one another.
What role did George Washington have in the starting of the French and Indian War?
He attacked Fort Ducane and lost which caused the french to retaliate.
How did the French and Indian war strain relationships between the colonists and the British soldiers, officials, and officers?
All the British troops are in the colonists land and they have to pay taxes for them.
How did the French and Indian War help unite the colonies?
They have a common enemy.
What role does Spain play in the conflict?
Decided to stay neutral for the seven years war.
How did British holdings in North America change as a result of the war?
Picked up half of Louisiana.
Differences between French and British settlers
French Settlers:
Only 70k
Fur Traders
Catholic Priests
British Settlers:
1.2 million
tended to expand
Causes of French And Indian War
They fought to expand their empires, to gain control of the Ohio River Valley, because they were fighting in Europe (7 Years War) and religion (French were Catholic and British were Protestant).
Who did colonies support in the French and Indian War? Why?
The Colonists supported the British because they were citizens of England and considered themselves British. Possible future westward expansion to the Ohio Valley. Loyalty to Great Britain.
Results of French and Indian Wars on the Colonies
Colonists gained access to former French territories in West, until.... Proclamation of 1763.
British levy heavier taxes (& more regulation) to help British pay off war debt.
Sugar Act
What did the Sugar Act do?
British placed a tax on sugar, wine, to help provide more security for the colonies.
What was the colonists' response to the sugar act?
The sugar act made the colonists upset. Some leaders of the colonies started to boycott.
What did the Quartering act do?
Made the colonies house British soldiers in barracks.
What was the colonists response to the Quartering Act?
The colonists did not like this. They didnt want to have to house the British troops.
What did the Stamp Act do?
Parliament taxed over 40 different kinds of business transactions.
What was the colonists response to the Stamp Act?
Boycotted British goods, closed businesses when the British came to tax their goods and became more self sufficient.
What did the Townsend Act do?
Taxed items like glass, lead, tea, paint and paper.
What was the colonists response to the Townsend Act?
The Colonists were opposed to the taxing and what the taxes were spent on.
What does the narrator mean when he says, "Boston is an accident waiting to happen?
With so many troops coming into Boston, the colonists are not going to like it and will probably want to do something about it.
On the evening on March 5, 1770, what did the colonist do to provoke the British troops?
9 British soldiers are getting snowballs thrown at them by Colonists.
Hundreds more Colonists come in, they throw ice, oyster shells and rocks.
The soldiers shoot, and 5 civilians lay dead.
- This is known as the Boston Massacre
Why does Major Hall say, "This was not remotely as massacre?
This is not a massacre, the British overreacted but they had legitimate reasons that they were concerned for their safety from this angry drunken mob. They overreacted but it was not unprovoked.
How did Samuel Adams and Paul Revere use the event to create propaganda against the British?
He showed British lined up shooting the colonists, seeming like there was no reason.
Who is the first martyr of the American Revolution?
A runaway slave, Crispus Attucks.
What lawyer agrees to defend the British soldiers?
John Adams, who believes in the right of a fair trial.
What historical inaccuracies are in Paul Revere's engraving of the Boston Massacre?
That the British look like the bad guys and seem like they're shooting without a cause.
Why do you think Revere include these inaccuracies?
To show sympathy for the colonists and make the British look bad.
What did the Tea Act do?
It imposed incredibly high taxes on tea.
What was the colonists response to the Tea Act?
The Boston Tea Party
What did the Intolerable Acts do?
Increased power of the governor at the expense of the assembly and punished colonists for the Boston Tea Party.
What was the colonists response to the Intolerable Acts?
Rejected the idea that the British could shut down trade and change colonial governments.
Why were the British troops going to Concord?
In order to confiscate weapons.
What was the occupation of most of the colonial militia that faced the British at Lexington?
They were farmers willing to fight on a minutes notice, first citizen soldiers.
Why was the colonial militia ready for the British?
Paul Revere said "the British are coming
What was the significance of this skirmish?
It started the Revolutionary War. This was the first major battle and the first step for American Independence.
Why did the British want to take Bunker Hill?
You can control the Boston Harbor.
Why did the British eventually win the battle?
The Colonists ran out of ammunition and the British were able to go through their fortress.
Though the British won the battle, how did this battle help the colonial cause?
IT IS A BRITISH VICTORY BUT the colonists suffered less losses and the colonists gathered strength and confidence to fight future battles.
What were the Major Battles of the Revolutionary War?
New York, Trenton, Saratoga and Valley Forge.
When was the Battle of New York?
August 1776
When was the Battle of Trenton?
Christmas 1776
When was the Battle of Saratoga?
Fall 1777
When was the Battle of Valley Forge?
Winter 1777-1778
What happened in the Battle of New York?
Washington controls the City, British control Staten Island, Washington sends people across the east river.
British invade from Staten Island into Brooklyn. They find a hold and surround the Americans. Washington evacuates his troops back to safety becaus
What happened in the Battle of Trenton?
Washington plans a sneak attack on Christmas day across the Delaware River and attacks in Trenton. Attacks Hessians (Germans) who are payed by the Birtish, knowing they wont be prepared.
What happened in the Battle of Saratoga?
Upstate New York on Hudson River
18 Day battle that the colonists ultimately win
What happened in the Battle of Valley Forge?
Near Philadelphia, colonial troops camp for winter.
Cold, no supplies.
Many die
What was important about the Battle of New York?
British win but Washington escapes and it allows the colonists to continue to fight.
What was important about the Battle of Trenton?
It boosted the colonists' morale.
What was important about the Battle of Saratoga?
Because if you get control of the Hudson you gain control of New York.
Turning point of the war because of a colonial victory that convinces the French to join the war.
What was important about the Battle of Valley Forge?
Brings the troops together; United Cause
When was the Battle of Charles Town?
Winter 1779-1780
When was the Battle of Cowpens?
New Years day 1781
When was the Battle of Yorktown?
Summer 1781
What happened in the Battle of Charles Town?
A Siege, not a battle. British surround Charleston to force the residents to starve to death.
What happened in the Battle of Cowpens?
On the broad river in South Carolina. Daniel Morgan is the leader of this battle. He backs up his troops so they can't run away.
What happened in the Battle of Yorktown?
French and Colonists sign agreement after Saratoga to help each other. They surround the British French and Americans up north meet up with french ships by the ocean. They siege toward Yorktown.
What was important about the Battle of Charles Town?
The victory gives British access to the Atlantic Ocean
What was important about the Battle of Cowpens?
One of the few times the americans use their military tactics. Morgan performed the second most decisive military defeat.
What was important about the Battle of Yorktown?
Ends the war. British surrendered everything. Important because it's the final war.
What were the two key points in the Treaty of Paris:
1) Ended the Revolution
2) Reorganized the US as an independent nation
How did the Revolutionary War affect Loyalists?
State laws and conditions in the treaty prevented most Loyalists from going back to their homes.
How did the Revolutionary War affect Women?
They gained few political or legal rights and respect because people now saw women as "republican mothers". It also caused some women to go into public affairs.
How did the Revolutionary War affect African Americans?
It caused many slaves to demand freedom. The Revolution also led to emancipation in the North.
With victory at Yorktown, the colonies could now...
negotiate for peace and independence. The final agreement would come almost two years later with the Treaty of Paris
As the war continued, the British expected Loyalists to...
support them in the more rural areas of the southern colonies, so they moved the war to the South, first attacking in Charles Town.
Even after Bunker Hill, the colonists were still seen as...
very unlikely to win a war against the mighty British.
British advantages included...
having a more established government, more military production capabilities, and better-trained troops. Meanwhile, the Continental Congress lacked money to pay for the war (along with lacking the ability to tax), and colonial troops were both ill trained
After the Declaration of Independence...
a war for independence with the British was inevitable. It was a war that the British, considered the strongest army in the world, thought would last no more than six months. Instead, the war would last six years.
Due in part to the popularity of "Common Sense"...
the colonies leaders met as the Continental Congress and considered independence.
By early summer 1776, the Continental Congress appointed Thomas Jefferson to lead a committee that would write...
a formal document declaring the colonies independent. Led by Jefferson, the committee ultimately drafted The Declaration of Independence.
Following Lexington and Concord, the colonist organized sent delegates to the...
to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia.
In the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia, Congress...
assumed control of the war on chose George Washington as commander.
Thomas Paine wrote a 47-page pamphlet titled...
Common Sense that would change the opinion of many colonists.
As tension rose, colonist began to stockpile weapons in case...
armed conflict with the British did occur. Fighting finally did break out on April 18th, 1775 in Lexington and Concord Massachusetts.
Though there was some calming of tensions after the trials and the repeal of much of the Townshend Acts...
the British left the tax on tea.
After the British stationed troops in the colonies...
clashes began to erupt between the "redcoats" and colonist who resented their presence. The most violent and famous of these was the Boston Massacre.
In an effort to pay off their debt from the French and Indian War (and other wars in Europe), Britain....
raised taxes on the colonist. To do this they passed a series of taxes, many of which were very unpopular with colonists.
Although those who lived in the colonies benefited from their relationship with Great Britain...
the real purpose of the colonies was to make money for England.
While most people in the colonies had a close relationship with England and had no real issue with English rule...
events in the colonies and England would cause many colonists to form their own ideas about government and the economy.
With such a horrible existence, it's no wonder that slaves were often...
tempted to revolt. One such occurrence was the Stono Rebellion.
Early settlers to the American colonies were largely...
British
After 1700, the migration of people from several parts of Europe, along with the forced migration of people from Africa...
became more common
hese new immigrants would bring their own...
ultures and begin to reshape colonial society.