TEAS English

Nouns

Person, place, thing, animal, idea, or feeling

Verbs

Action verbs
Passive verbs
Linking verbs

Adjectives

Describe a noun

Adverbs

Describe a verb

preposition

(In, out, around, about, etc.)

Articles

a, an (indefinite), the (definite)

Prepositional phrases

contains a preposition (In, out, around, about, etc.), an article (the, a, an, etc.), and an object of the preposition.
Example: Ryan headed (to the mall) (for the lastest release) (by the band) (from his home state) (of NC).

Clauses

A string of two or more words, with a subject and a verb
Ex. When the saints go marching in
Ex. Obediah Simpson is uglier than a rabid raccoon.

Phrase

A string of two or more words, that do not have a subject and a verb
Ex. because of her glittering smile
Ex. broken into thousands of pieces

Antecedents

A noun that a pronoun refers back to.

What is used to separate a quotation from interrupting text?

Comma

First person

Singular: I, me, mine, my
Plural: We, us, our, ours

Second person

Singular: you, yours, your
Plural: you, yours, your

Third person

Singular: he, she, him, her, hers, it, its, one, everyone,
Plural: they, them, their, theirs, people

What is used between a title and sub-title of a book?

Colon

Coordinating conjunctions

Joins two or more words or phrases (equal value between both clauses)
For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
(FANBOYS)

Subordinating conjunction

Joins two or more clauses (the clause containing the subordinating conjuction has less value)
Because, though, although, as, as if, when, while

Nominalization

Making a noun from a verb, adverb, or adjective

Active verb

Verbs that show an action performed by the subject of the sentence
Ex. Sheila and tom take a walk in the park

Passive verb

Past tense
Ex. Was cooked. Was seen.

Sentence: Definition

In his wood working he used a type of file known as a rasp

Sentence: Description

Allen is malcontent

Sentence: Example

The menu listed such delicacies as frog legs, snails, etc.

Sentence: Synonym

The ophthalmologist, or eye doctor told me to wear these

Sentence: Antonym

Unlike life in the country, henderson was a quaint existence

Parenthetical expressions should be offset by what?

Comma

Sentence: Comparison

Explains how two items are similar

Sentence: Contrast

Emphasizes the differences rather than the similarities.

Sentence: Explanation

He was awarded a degree posthumously; He died a month before graduation

What precedes conjunctive adverbs?

Semicolon

Prefix

Added to the beginning of the word to modify it

Suffix

Added to the end of the word to modify it

Root word

the root meaning of the word

Simple sentence

A sentence that contains only one clause, and has complete meaning (independent clause)
Ex. Some students like to study in the mornings.
Ex. Alicia goes to the library and studies every day.

Topic sentence

Is usually given at the beginning of the paragraph

Periodic sentence

The meaning of the sentence isn't revealed until the end, usually in the form of an independent clause

Independent clause

A group of words that contain a subject and a verb, and expresses a complete thought

Dependent clause

A group of words that contain a subject and a verb, and does not contain a complete thought

Cumulative sentence

The independent clause is at the beginning of a sentence
Ex. He dipped his hands in the bichloride solution and shook them--a quick shake, fingers down, like the fingers of a pianist above the keys

ie

I" before "e" except after "c" or in words like neighbor and weigh

Suffixed for words ending in "e

Word ends in silent "e", added suffix begins with vowel, drop the letter "e" when adding the suffix: age+ing=aging
Word ends in silent "e", added suffix begins with consonant, keep the letter when adding suffix: awe+some=awesome

Suffixed for words ending in "y

If word ends with a "y" preceded by a vowel, keep the "y" when adding the suffix: Annoy+ance=annoyance
If a word ends with a "y" precede by a consonant drop the y when adding a suffix: Carry+ed=carried

Suffixes for words ending in a consonant-vowel-consanant pattern (CVC)

If a word ends with a CVC then double the final consanant: Bag+age = Baggage
If a word has more than one syllable, and the accent is on the last syllable, double the final consanant before adding the suffix: allot+ed = allotted

Prefix: un

Not: unarmed

Prefix: re

Again: Readjust

Prefix: in

Not: Invisible

Prefix: dis

Not: disorganized

Suffix: ia, y

State or condition: amnesia, democracy

Suffix: ic, ical, ac

Having to do with: physical, cardiac, endoscopic

Suffix: ism

Belief in: activism

Suffix: ology

The study of: archeology

Suffix: or, er

one who takes part in: conductor, fighter

Root: arch

Ruler: tetrarch

Root: audio

Sound: audiovisual

Root: bio

Life: biochemistry

Root: chrom

Color: monochrome

Root: geo

Earth: geode

Root: graph

Written: biographic

Root: morph

Form: morphine

Root: ortho

Correct: unorthodox

Root: ped

Foot: millipede

Root: terra

Earth: terrace

Root: therma

Heat: exothermal

What is placed between two independent clauses, if the latter clause expands on the former clause?

Colon

What is placed between two related independent clauses?

Semicolon

Nonrestrictive phrases and clauses

Groups of words that don't contain information that is necessary to interpreting the meaning of the sentence
Should be offset by commas
Ex. Jack Smith, who studied drama in New York City, was ideal.

Random comma rules

Separate quotations from text: "Yo", dad exclaimed
When an independent clause preceeds a dependent clause: Some of us could not spend it more foolishly, If time were gold.
Separate city from state: Las Vegas, NV

Semicolon rules

Placed between two related independent clauses
Precede conjuctive adverbs: However, therefore
When a sentence contains a series of elements that contain one or more commas, the division between the elements should be a semicolon

Colon Rules

Herald something that is to immediatly follow an independent clause: this usually comes in the form of a list
...

Pronoun: Nominative

I, you, he, she, it, we, they

Pronoun: Objective

me, you, him, her, it, us, them

Pronoun: Possessive

my, mine, your, your's, his, her, her's, it's, our, ours, their, theirs

Suffixes for words ending in "C

If a word ends in "c" and the suffix is a "e", "i", or "y", then the letter "k" should be inserted
Ex. colic+y= colicky; mimic+ed= mimicked

What should follow the salutation of an informal letter?

Comma
Ex. Dear Mom,

Words ending in -ceed

Emceed, exceed, proceed, succeed

Words ending in -sede

Supersede

Words end in -cede

Accede, antecede, concede, intercede, recede, retrocede

Words ending in -able

If the root word is a complete word add the suffix -able.
Ex. avail+able= available
If the root word ends in "e" drop the "e" before adding -able
Ex. love+able= lovable

Words ending in -ible

If the root word isn't a complete word ad -ible
Ex. aud+ible= audible

Words ending in -ance, -ancy, -ant

If the suffix is proceeded by a hard "c" or "g" then add the suffix
Ex. Extravagant, elegance, vacancy

Words ending in -ence, -ency, -ent

If the suffix is proceeded by a soft "c" or "g" then add the suffix
Absence, agency, emergent

Words ending in -tion and -sion

If the word ends in "t" -tion can be added
If the word ends in "s" -sion can be added
Distraction, regression

Words ending in -cian

If a word names a person then it should end in -cian
Physician, technician, musician

Homophones: Affect and Effect

Affect (verb): To have an effect on
Effect (noun): Something that is brought about by a cause

Homophones: Ascent and Assent

Ascent (noun): A slope that angles upwards
Assent (noun): Agreement

Homophones: All ready and Already

All ready (adjective): Everyone or everything is ready
Already (adverb): By this time

What should be used to herald something, that is to immediately follow an independent clause?

Colon

Homophones: All together and Altogether

All together (adjective): Everyone in a group
Altogether (adverb): Entirely, completely

Homophones: Altar and Alter

Altar (noun): A structure used in worship
Alter (verb): To change

Homophones: Bear and Bare

Bear (verb): To carry or support
Bare: (verb): To expose

Homophones: Capital and Capitol

Capital (noun): A leading or governing city
Capitol (noun): A building that houses the states lawmakers

Homophones: Cite and Site

Cite (verb): To use as an example, to quote
Site (noun): A location

Homophones: Complement and Compliment

Complement (noun): An element that completes
Compliment (noun): A remark of appreciation

When a sentence contains a series of elements that contain one or more commas, what Divides the elements?

Semicolon

Homophones: Council and Counsel

Council (noun): A body of people assembled for advice
Counsel (noun): Advice

Homophones: Descent and Dissent

Descent (noun): A slope that angels downward
Dissent (noun): Disagreement

What should separate a city from a state?

Comma

Homophones: Dying and Dyeing

Dying (verb): Ceasing to live
Dyeing (verb): Coloring a fabric

Homophones: Forth and Fourth

Forth (adverb): Forward in place or time
Fourth (noun): The element in a series that is after the 3rd

Homophones: Principal and Principle

Principal (noun): Chief or Leader
Principle (noun): A belief or rule of conduct

What should follow a salutation of an informal letter?

Colon

Homophones: Stationary and Stationery

Stationary (adjective): Not moving
Stationery (noun): Paper for writing letters

Homophones: Their, They're, and there

Their (adjective): Belonging to them
They're: Contraction of "they are"
There (adjective): In that place

Introductory words (yes and no) should be separated by what?

Comma
Ex. "Yes, sir

Homophones: To, Too, and Two

To (preposition): Indicates movement or intent
Too (adverb): Also
Two (adjective): Something that has two units

Homophones: Whose and Who's

Whose (adjective): Belonging to whom
Who's: Contraction of "who is

Homophones: Your and You're

Your (adjective): Belonging to you
You're: Contraction of you are

Capitalization

Geographical locations
Cardinal directions
Historical documents and events Nationalities, races, and religions Monuments, ships, and planes
Proper names and titles of rank
Showing family relationship (when they stand alone or are followed by a personal na

Ellipses

Used to suggest hesitation, attempt to conceal something, unfinished thought, or difficulty expressing oneself

When a dependent clause precedes an independent clause in a complex sentence; What should separate the two?

A comma

If a word does not fit entirely on a line what is place to separate the word?

Hyphen

If compound numbers function as adjective, what separates them? (24-hour)

Hyphen

What is used to join a prefix and a proper adjective or noun? (un-American rug) (un-American)

Hyphen

Words that need to be hyphenated

Self-sufficient
Self-esteem

What encloses supplementary or explanatory material that interrupts the main sentence?

Parentheses

When should a period be added in the parenthesis

If the material in the parenthesis is a complete sentence that is not located within another sentence

What is used to enclose chapters, articles, and short stories, songs, plays, etc?

Quotation marks

What is used to enclose technical terms or slang?

Quotation marks

What is used when making a quotation inside of a quotation?

Single quotes

What do you add to a noun or indefinite pronoun (that doesn't end in "s") to form a possessive case

Apostrophe
Ex. The boy's cat was stuck in the tree.

How do you form a possessive case of a plural noun that ends in an "s

Apostrophe
Ex. The tree's look beautiful

Apostrophes are used in certain expression of time

A week's vacation

How do you pluralize letters, numbers, and words

Apostrophe
Ex. Dot your i's and cross your t's; 4's; no if's and's or but's about it

How do you show omission of letters or numbers as in contractions or dates

Apostrophe
Ex. '05; can't

Where are commas used within dates

They separate two textual or two numerical elements
Ex. Saturday, January 14, 2031

Parenthetical expressions

Expressions that are not really part of the main idea of the sentence, or that interrupt the main sentence.
Ex. The tortoise, as far as we know, likes eating lettuce

Appositives

Renames a noun in another part of the sentence
Ex. Our teacher, Paul, will be online later today

Words of direct address

Uses the names of the people to whom you are speaking, or it may use other words which take the place of the actual names
Ex. Boys, are you ready to go? (boys)

Who

A subject pronoun, in reference to people
Performer of the action
Tip: Who=He
Ex. Who threw the ball

Whom

An object pronoun, in reference to people.
The receiver of the action.
Tip: Whom=Him
Ex. Jim threw the ball to whom?

That" and "Which

That= people and things
Which= things

Direct object

the noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb and answers the questions (whom, or what) after the verb inthe sentence

Indirect object

the object that is the recipient or beneficiary of the action of the verb. Example: "Nate" in the sentence "I threw the ball to Nate.

Conjunctive adverbs

Adverbs that act like conjunctions; therefore they connect the information in two clauses or sentences.

Common Noun

Name general people, animals, places, and things
Ex. Firefighter, City, Mountain

Proper Nouns

Name specific People, animals, places, and things.
They always begin with a capital letter.
Ex. John, New York, Mt. Rushmore

Compound adjectives

Two or more words that are modifying or limiting a noun.
Ex. Follow the step-by-step instructions.

Indefinite Pronoun

They don't refer to anything or anyone specific (vague).
Ex. They

Direct Dialogue

When you quote, exactly, directly, what a person said. (needs qutations)
Ryan said, "Look over the trees.

Indirect Dialogue

tells about what someone says. (no qutations)
Ryan says we need to look over the trees.

Action Verbs

Present tense
Ex. Sheila and Tom are walking in the park

Conjunctive adverbs

Furthermore, accordingly, indeed, nonetheless

What is a declarative sentence?

declarative sentence simply makes a statement or expresses an opinion. In other words, it makes a declaration. This kind of sentence ends with a period.

What is a imperative sentence?

imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. It usually ends with a period but can, under certain circumstances, end with an exclamation point.

What is a interrogative sentence?

interrogative sentence asks a question. This type of sentence often begins with who, what, where, when, why, how, or do, and it ends with a question mark.

What is a exclamatory sentence?

exclamatory sentence is a sentence that expresses great emotion such as excitement, surprise, happiness and anger, and ends with an exclamation point.

Simple predicate is what in a sentence?

the "verb" that is acting with the subject.

What is Active Voice?

Expresses an action done by its subject.

What is Passive Voice?

The subject of the sentence receives the action.

What is simple subject in a sentence?

Every sentence has to have two parts: a subject and a verb (or predicate). The subject tells us who or what is the focus of the sentence. When we have a simple subject, there is only one noun that completes the action in the sentence.

Nouns

Person, place, thing, animal, idea, or feeling

Verbs

Action verbs
Passive verbs
Linking verbs

Adjectives

Describe a noun

Adverbs

Describe a verb

preposition

(In, out, around, about, etc.)

Articles

a, an (indefinite), the (definite)

Prepositional phrases

contains a preposition (In, out, around, about, etc.), an article (the, a, an, etc.), and an object of the preposition.
Example: Ryan headed (to the mall) (for the lastest release) (by the band) (from his home state) (of NC).

Clauses

A string of two or more words, with a subject and a verb
Ex. When the saints go marching in
Ex. Obediah Simpson is uglier than a rabid raccoon.

Phrase

A string of two or more words, that do not have a subject and a verb
Ex. because of her glittering smile
Ex. broken into thousands of pieces

Antecedents

A noun that a pronoun refers back to.

What is used to separate a quotation from interrupting text?

Comma

First person

Singular: I, me, mine, my
Plural: We, us, our, ours

Second person

Singular: you, yours, your
Plural: you, yours, your

Third person

Singular: he, she, him, her, hers, it, its, one, everyone,
Plural: they, them, their, theirs, people

What is used between a title and sub-title of a book?

Colon

Coordinating conjunctions

Joins two or more words or phrases (equal value between both clauses)
For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
(FANBOYS)

Subordinating conjunction

Joins two or more clauses (the clause containing the subordinating conjuction has less value)
Because, though, although, as, as if, when, while

Nominalization

Making a noun from a verb, adverb, or adjective

Active verb

Verbs that show an action performed by the subject of the sentence
Ex. Sheila and tom take a walk in the park

Passive verb

Past tense
Ex. Was cooked. Was seen.

Sentence: Definition

In his wood working he used a type of file known as a rasp

Sentence: Description

Allen is malcontent

Sentence: Example

The menu listed such delicacies as frog legs, snails, etc.

Sentence: Synonym

The ophthalmologist, or eye doctor told me to wear these

Sentence: Antonym

Unlike life in the country, henderson was a quaint existence

Parenthetical expressions should be offset by what?

Comma

Sentence: Comparison

Explains how two items are similar

Sentence: Contrast

Emphasizes the differences rather than the similarities.

Sentence: Explanation

He was awarded a degree posthumously; He died a month before graduation

What precedes conjunctive adverbs?

Semicolon

Prefix

Added to the beginning of the word to modify it

Suffix

Added to the end of the word to modify it

Root word

the root meaning of the word

Simple sentence

A sentence that contains only one clause, and has complete meaning (independent clause)
Ex. Some students like to study in the mornings.
Ex. Alicia goes to the library and studies every day.

Topic sentence

Is usually given at the beginning of the paragraph

Periodic sentence

The meaning of the sentence isn't revealed until the end, usually in the form of an independent clause

Independent clause

A group of words that contain a subject and a verb, and expresses a complete thought

Dependent clause

A group of words that contain a subject and a verb, and does not contain a complete thought

Cumulative sentence

The independent clause is at the beginning of a sentence
Ex. He dipped his hands in the bichloride solution and shook them--a quick shake, fingers down, like the fingers of a pianist above the keys

ie

I" before "e" except after "c" or in words like neighbor and weigh

Suffixed for words ending in "e

Word ends in silent "e", added suffix begins with vowel, drop the letter "e" when adding the suffix: age+ing=aging
Word ends in silent "e", added suffix begins with consonant, keep the letter when adding suffix: awe+some=awesome

Suffixed for words ending in "y

If word ends with a "y" preceded by a vowel, keep the "y" when adding the suffix: Annoy+ance=annoyance
If a word ends with a "y" precede by a consonant drop the y when adding a suffix: Carry+ed=carried

Suffixes for words ending in a consonant-vowel-consanant pattern (CVC)

If a word ends with a CVC then double the final consanant: Bag+age = Baggage
If a word has more than one syllable, and the accent is on the last syllable, double the final consanant before adding the suffix: allot+ed = allotted

Prefix: un

Not: unarmed

Prefix: re

Again: Readjust

Prefix: in

Not: Invisible

Prefix: dis

Not: disorganized

Suffix: ia, y

State or condition: amnesia, democracy

Suffix: ic, ical, ac

Having to do with: physical, cardiac, endoscopic

Suffix: ism

Belief in: activism

Suffix: ology

The study of: archeology

Suffix: or, er

one who takes part in: conductor, fighter

Root: arch

Ruler: tetrarch

Root: audio

Sound: audiovisual

Root: bio

Life: biochemistry

Root: chrom

Color: monochrome

Root: geo

Earth: geode

Root: graph

Written: biographic

Root: morph

Form: morphine

Root: ortho

Correct: unorthodox

Root: ped

Foot: millipede

Root: terra

Earth: terrace

Root: therma

Heat: exothermal

What is placed between two independent clauses, if the latter clause expands on the former clause?

Colon

What is placed between two related independent clauses?

Semicolon

Nonrestrictive phrases and clauses

Groups of words that don't contain information that is necessary to interpreting the meaning of the sentence
Should be offset by commas
Ex. Jack Smith, who studied drama in New York City, was ideal.

Random comma rules

Separate quotations from text: "Yo", dad exclaimed
When an independent clause preceeds a dependent clause: Some of us could not spend it more foolishly, If time were gold.
Separate city from state: Las Vegas, NV

Semicolon rules

Placed between two related independent clauses
Precede conjuctive adverbs: However, therefore
When a sentence contains a series of elements that contain one or more commas, the division between the elements should be a semicolon

Colon Rules

Herald something that is to immediatly follow an independent clause: this usually comes in the form of a list
...

Pronoun: Nominative

I, you, he, she, it, we, they

Pronoun: Objective

me, you, him, her, it, us, them

Pronoun: Possessive

my, mine, your, your's, his, her, her's, it's, our, ours, their, theirs

Suffixes for words ending in "C

If a word ends in "c" and the suffix is a "e", "i", or "y", then the letter "k" should be inserted
Ex. colic+y= colicky; mimic+ed= mimicked

What should follow the salutation of an informal letter?

Comma
Ex. Dear Mom,

Words ending in -ceed

Emceed, exceed, proceed, succeed

Words ending in -sede

Supersede

Words end in -cede

Accede, antecede, concede, intercede, recede, retrocede

Words ending in -able

If the root word is a complete word add the suffix -able.
Ex. avail+able= available
If the root word ends in "e" drop the "e" before adding -able
Ex. love+able= lovable

Words ending in -ible

If the root word isn't a complete word ad -ible
Ex. aud+ible= audible

Words ending in -ance, -ancy, -ant

If the suffix is proceeded by a hard "c" or "g" then add the suffix
Ex. Extravagant, elegance, vacancy

Words ending in -ence, -ency, -ent

If the suffix is proceeded by a soft "c" or "g" then add the suffix
Absence, agency, emergent

Words ending in -tion and -sion

If the word ends in "t" -tion can be added
If the word ends in "s" -sion can be added
Distraction, regression

Words ending in -cian

If a word names a person then it should end in -cian
Physician, technician, musician

Homophones: Affect and Effect

Affect (verb): To have an effect on
Effect (noun): Something that is brought about by a cause

Homophones: Ascent and Assent

Ascent (noun): A slope that angles upwards
Assent (noun): Agreement

Homophones: All ready and Already

All ready (adjective): Everyone or everything is ready
Already (adverb): By this time

What should be used to herald something, that is to immediately follow an independent clause?

Colon

Homophones: All together and Altogether

All together (adjective): Everyone in a group
Altogether (adverb): Entirely, completely

Homophones: Altar and Alter

Altar (noun): A structure used in worship
Alter (verb): To change

Homophones: Bear and Bare

Bear (verb): To carry or support
Bare: (verb): To expose

Homophones: Capital and Capitol

Capital (noun): A leading or governing city
Capitol (noun): A building that houses the states lawmakers

Homophones: Cite and Site

Cite (verb): To use as an example, to quote
Site (noun): A location

Homophones: Complement and Compliment

Complement (noun): An element that completes
Compliment (noun): A remark of appreciation

When a sentence contains a series of elements that contain one or more commas, what Divides the elements?

Semicolon

Homophones: Council and Counsel

Council (noun): A body of people assembled for advice
Counsel (noun): Advice

Homophones: Descent and Dissent

Descent (noun): A slope that angels downward
Dissent (noun): Disagreement

What should separate a city from a state?

Comma

Homophones: Dying and Dyeing

Dying (verb): Ceasing to live
Dyeing (verb): Coloring a fabric

Homophones: Forth and Fourth

Forth (adverb): Forward in place or time
Fourth (noun): The element in a series that is after the 3rd

Homophones: Principal and Principle

Principal (noun): Chief or Leader
Principle (noun): A belief or rule of conduct

What should follow a salutation of an informal letter?

Colon

Homophones: Stationary and Stationery

Stationary (adjective): Not moving
Stationery (noun): Paper for writing letters

Homophones: Their, They're, and there

Their (adjective): Belonging to them
They're: Contraction of "they are"
There (adjective): In that place

Introductory words (yes and no) should be separated by what?

Comma
Ex. "Yes, sir

Homophones: To, Too, and Two

To (preposition): Indicates movement or intent
Too (adverb): Also
Two (adjective): Something that has two units

Homophones: Whose and Who's

Whose (adjective): Belonging to whom
Who's: Contraction of "who is

Homophones: Your and You're

Your (adjective): Belonging to you
You're: Contraction of you are

Capitalization

Geographical locations
Cardinal directions
Historical documents and events Nationalities, races, and religions Monuments, ships, and planes
Proper names and titles of rank
Showing family relationship (when they stand alone or are followed by a personal na

Ellipses

Used to suggest hesitation, attempt to conceal something, unfinished thought, or difficulty expressing oneself

When a dependent clause precedes an independent clause in a complex sentence; What should separate the two?

A comma

If a word does not fit entirely on a line what is place to separate the word?

Hyphen

If compound numbers function as adjective, what separates them? (24-hour)

Hyphen

What is used to join a prefix and a proper adjective or noun? (un-American rug) (un-American)

Hyphen

Words that need to be hyphenated

Self-sufficient
Self-esteem

What encloses supplementary or explanatory material that interrupts the main sentence?

Parentheses

When should a period be added in the parenthesis

If the material in the parenthesis is a complete sentence that is not located within another sentence

What is used to enclose chapters, articles, and short stories, songs, plays, etc?

Quotation marks

What is used to enclose technical terms or slang?

Quotation marks

What is used when making a quotation inside of a quotation?

Single quotes

What do you add to a noun or indefinite pronoun (that doesn't end in "s") to form a possessive case

Apostrophe
Ex. The boy's cat was stuck in the tree.

How do you form a possessive case of a plural noun that ends in an "s

Apostrophe
Ex. The tree's look beautiful

Apostrophes are used in certain expression of time

A week's vacation

How do you pluralize letters, numbers, and words

Apostrophe
Ex. Dot your i's and cross your t's; 4's; no if's and's or but's about it

How do you show omission of letters or numbers as in contractions or dates

Apostrophe
Ex. '05; can't

Where are commas used within dates

They separate two textual or two numerical elements
Ex. Saturday, January 14, 2031

Parenthetical expressions

Expressions that are not really part of the main idea of the sentence, or that interrupt the main sentence.
Ex. The tortoise, as far as we know, likes eating lettuce

Appositives

Renames a noun in another part of the sentence
Ex. Our teacher, Paul, will be online later today

Words of direct address

Uses the names of the people to whom you are speaking, or it may use other words which take the place of the actual names
Ex. Boys, are you ready to go? (boys)

Who

A subject pronoun, in reference to people
Performer of the action
Tip: Who=He
Ex. Who threw the ball

Whom

An object pronoun, in reference to people.
The receiver of the action.
Tip: Whom=Him
Ex. Jim threw the ball to whom?

That" and "Which

That= people and things
Which= things

Direct object

the noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb and answers the questions (whom, or what) after the verb inthe sentence

Indirect object

the object that is the recipient or beneficiary of the action of the verb. Example: "Nate" in the sentence "I threw the ball to Nate.

Conjunctive adverbs

Adverbs that act like conjunctions; therefore they connect the information in two clauses or sentences.

Common Noun

Name general people, animals, places, and things
Ex. Firefighter, City, Mountain

Proper Nouns

Name specific People, animals, places, and things.
They always begin with a capital letter.
Ex. John, New York, Mt. Rushmore

Compound adjectives

Two or more words that are modifying or limiting a noun.
Ex. Follow the step-by-step instructions.

Indefinite Pronoun

They don't refer to anything or anyone specific (vague).
Ex. They

Direct Dialogue

When you quote, exactly, directly, what a person said. (needs qutations)
Ryan said, "Look over the trees.

Indirect Dialogue

tells about what someone says. (no qutations)
Ryan says we need to look over the trees.

Action Verbs

Present tense
Ex. Sheila and Tom are walking in the park

Conjunctive adverbs

Furthermore, accordingly, indeed, nonetheless

What is a declarative sentence?

declarative sentence simply makes a statement or expresses an opinion. In other words, it makes a declaration. This kind of sentence ends with a period.

What is a imperative sentence?

imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. It usually ends with a period but can, under certain circumstances, end with an exclamation point.

What is a interrogative sentence?

interrogative sentence asks a question. This type of sentence often begins with who, what, where, when, why, how, or do, and it ends with a question mark.

What is a exclamatory sentence?

exclamatory sentence is a sentence that expresses great emotion such as excitement, surprise, happiness and anger, and ends with an exclamation point.

Simple predicate is what in a sentence?

the "verb" that is acting with the subject.

What is Active Voice?

Expresses an action done by its subject.

What is Passive Voice?

The subject of the sentence receives the action.

What is simple subject in a sentence?

Every sentence has to have two parts: a subject and a verb (or predicate). The subject tells us who or what is the focus of the sentence. When we have a simple subject, there is only one noun that completes the action in the sentence.