Culturally Encapsulated Counselor
These counselors define reality according to one set of cultural assumptions and fail to evaluate other viewpoints
Civil Right's and Women's Movements
These two movements increased societal awareness of equity issues; ignored cultural issues were recognized
Social Justice
This is defined as a commitment to promote access and equity with the aim of empowering and ensuring full participation of all people in a society, especially those who have been marginalized an systematically excluded on the basis of race, ethnicity, gen
Advocacy
This involves confronting the social issues that negatively affect clients and working to eradicate systems that perpetuate discrimination; this translates a commitment to social justice into action
Multicultural Competence
The ability to work effectively with clients from diverse cultures within the US
Transcultural Counseling Competence
This is also needed if counselors are to be effective advocates for marginalized client populations around the world
Self-Awareness; Knowledge; Skills
What are the three components of multicultural competence?
Therapeutic Error
When counselors do not have knowledge base, this is likely to occur
Internal; Societal
Traditional approaches to counseling that focus on the ______________ dynamics of an individual client may not be as useful to clients whose problems originate in ______________ oppression, discrimination, and marginalization
Competence
This is the primary ethical issue that relates to multicultural counseling and advocacy
Cross Cultural
Our own understanding of multiculturalism is based on the premise that all counseling is this
Counselor Insensitivity
When a client and counselor are racially or ethnically different from each other, _____________ _____________ to the differences can lead to client reluctance to self-disclose, mistrust of the counselor by client, and premature termination of counseling
Color Blind
Treating all people as if they were alike (race)
Color Conscious
Attributing all problems to a client's cultural background (race)
Misunderstanding
A client's defensive reactions to the counselor's stereotypical thinking (race)
Misinterpreting
A client's culturally learned patterns of communicating or behaving (race)
Microaggressions
Brief and commonplace daily verbal or behavioral indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults and have potentially harmful or unpleasant impact on the target person or grou
Microassaults
Blatant verbal or nonverbal attacks that are intentional and convey discriminatory and biased sentiments
Microinsults
The are unintentional comments or behaviors that convey rudeness or insensitivity or demean a person's cultural identity in come way
Microinvalidations
Verbal comments or behaviors that exclude, negate, or dismiss a person's thoughts, feelings, or experiences
Marginalization; Oppression
As advocates, counselors recognize that racial and ethnic discrimination are rooted in the social organization of our society and that mental health is profoundly affected by experiences of these two things
Advocacy; Internalized
A first step in ______________ is to help women become aware of the gender-biased messages they have received and _____________, so that they may choose to move beyond unquestioning acceptance of gender stereotyping and oppression
Mental Health and Poverty
People suffering from mental illness are more likely to be poor, and poverty is linked to problems with inadequate housing, unemployment, and involvement in substance abuse and the criminal justice system. This is the link between what two things?
Social; Economic
Rather than focusing exclusively on personal relationships and insight with a client, counselors should remain aware of and address the _____________ and ______________ issues that affect the client's life
Poverty; Interventions
_____________ is a worldwide problem, and counselors working transnationally must have expertise in ______________ that focus on change in the environment as well as in the individual if they are to fulfill their commitments to social justice and advocacy
Conversion
This therapy is used to change an individual's sexual orientation from homosexual to heterosexual; this kind of therapy may harm clients
Ableism
A form of discrimination or prejudice against individuals with physical, developmental, or mental disabilities that is characterized by the belief that these individuals cannot function as full members of society
Person; Disability
Caron (1996) stated that counselors first need to see the _____________, not the ____________, and to listen as clients identify their own needs (ableism)
Abilities; Limitations
Counselors should focus on a client's ____________ rather than _____________, help the client gain personal control and self-efficacy, and working to overcome social isolation (ableism)
Spirituality
This can be defined as a personal relationship with a higher power and faith that may be used to find meaning in life
Religion
This is a shared set of practices and beliefs that is associated with denominational affiliations
Stigma
Older adults tend to underutilize mental health services, perhaps partly because of this they attach to seeking psychological services
Stereotype; Overlook
If you pay too much attention to cultural group membership, you may inadvertently _______________ your client. If you focus too narrowly on the individual client, you might ________________ the impact of the cultural environment on that client
Sensitivity
________________ to cultural diversity should be inherent in our interpretation of all our ethical obligations
Cultural Autonomy
Many clients make choices and decisions in the context of family, tribe, group, or community. "Respect for autonomy" could be changed to "respect for ____________ ____________," which would better prepare a counselor to allow the client's cultural self-de
Multicultural Competence
This is essential to upholding the principle of do no harm
Dominant
Counselors who are not sensitive to their ____________ power position in the counseling relationship may function from an assumption that they know what is good for the client; make decisions WITH the client, not FOR the client
Larger Systems
Social justice and advocacy competence require that counselors be able to implement empowering intervention strategies that assist clients in coping with, and making changes in, the ___________ __________ in which these clients live
Virtue; Principle
Some ethics scholars have suggested that integrating __________ ethics with ___________ ethics can enhance the ethical conduct of counselors in multicultural interactions
Obligation
Counselors have an _____________ to assist clients in making decisions about whether to take legal actions, what action to take, if they are struggling with value conflicts or if they believe their legal rights have been violated, just as counselors assis
Evidence
In contemporary courts, judges seem more inclined to require ___________ that a parent's gay or lesbian status is likely to harm a child before denying the parent custody or visitation rights
Cultures; Crisis
Individuals from various ____________ react differently to ___________ events
Time Orientation
Crisis counselors often assess an individual's ___________ ____________ to determine whether a client is focused on the past and a loss, the present and a transgression, or the future and a threat
Culturally Appropriate
What may seem to crisis counselors like self-defeating reactions could have foundations that are this