Stakeholders
those who have:
*a vested interest in the health care industry in the United States
and
*any efforts to reform the industry
Cost
the amount individuals, employers, state and federal governments, HMOs, and insurers spend on health care in the United States
Access
the availability of health care and the means to purchase health care services
Quality
the degree of excellence of health care services offered
Gross-Domestic Product (GDP)
the total value of all goods produced and services provided in America during one year
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
the lead federal agency responsible for tracking and improving the:
*quality
*safety
*efficiency
*effectiveness
of health care for Americans
Life span
the number of years an individual actually lives
Pharmacogenomics
the science that defines how individuals are genetically programmed to respond to drugs
Genometrics
the science of determining how genes cause the expression of certain traits in individuals
Life expectancy
the statistical probable number of years an individual can expect to live, calculated from his or her birth
Epigenetics
the study of changes in gene activity that do not involve alterations to the genetic code, but are still passed down to at least one successive generation
Proteomics
the study of the proteins that genes create or "express
Personalized medicine
the products and services that leverage the science of genomics and proteomics and capitalize on the trends toward wellness and consumerism to enable tailored approaches to prevention and care
What are the key issues of concern to health care industry stakeholders?
*Cost
*GDP
*Access
*Quality
What rises yearly?
health care costs as a percentage of gross national product (GDP)
Factors adding to health care costs annually include:
*Medical technology
*Administrative costs
*Widespread adoption of health information technology (HIT)
*Wasteful spending and fraud
*Unhealthy lifestyles
*Aging population
Three steps for attaining access:
*Gain entry into the health care system
*Find a health care provider who meets the needs of each patient and with whom patients can develop a relationship based on mutual communication and trust
*access health care service sites offering ongoing care
What does the latest Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report show?
*health care quality and access are often suboptimal, especially for minority and low-income groups
*Overall quality is improving, access is getting worse, and disparities are not changing
Urgent attention is warranted to ensure continued improvements in:
What health care advances have been forecast for the near future?
*Rational drug design-use of computers to create drugs designed to attack specific diseased cells or to otherwise pinpoint delivery and enhance efficiency
*Continuing advancement in imaging equipment and techniques
*Genetic mapping and testing
*Gene thera
What are three additional areas where we should see improvement/advancement in the near future?
*Use of stem cells
*Tissue engineering
*Health information technologies (HITs)
What are broader movements that forecast the future of health care?
*Common interests
*Markets
*Policy
*Science and Technology
Areas for change in the future
*Data and connectivity
*Prevention and population health
*Personalization and participation
Who are the major stakeholders in the American health care system?
*The public
*Employers
*Healthcare facilities and practitioners
*Federal, state and local governments
*Managed care organizations
*Private insurers
*Voluntary facilities and agencies that provide healthcare or influence
*healthcare practitioner training i
What three issues are of primary concern to stakeholders within the American health care system?
*Cost
*Access
*Quality
Identify six factors that have added to health care costs.
*Medical technology
*Administrative costs
*Widespread adoption of health information technology
*wasteful spending and fraud
*Unhealthy lifestyles
*An aging population.
Of what significance is the percentage of the gross domestic product represented by health care spending?
As the percentage of GDP spent on healthcare grows, that means less money is spent on other things like roads, schools, research, environment
and social programs.
How do waste and fraud add to health care costs?
Insurance companies, as well as the federal and State insurance programs pay out large sums of money in fraudulent claims. Recovering the money is difficult, and simply adds to the cost of health care.
Is health care listed as a right for all Americans in the 10 amendments to the U.S Constitution called the Bill of Rights?
No
What are two areas of continuing concern revealed in the most current National Healthcare Quality Report (NHQR)?
Health care quality and access are often below what is desired, especially for minority and low-income groups, and especially in the South.
Over-all, improvements are urgently needed in quality of diabetes care, maternal and child health care, and adverse
Why is the United States 26th on a list of life expectancies in various countries?
Health care cost, access, and quality are major issues that affect life expectancy and life span in all countries.
How many people may develop diabetes in the next 40 years?
1 in 3
What is the number one cause of adult blindness, kidney failure and limb amputation?
Diabetes
What is seventh on the list of diseases that cause death in the Unites States?
Diabetes
About how many adults 20-years and over are obese (at least 20% over their ideal body weight?
approximately 35.7 %
In 2013, how many children and adolescents were overweight or obese?
almost 1/3rd
When was the human genome project started?
1990
When did the human genome project end?
mid-2000
Rational Drug Design
the use of increasingly powerful computers to develop new drugs by looking at the molecular structure and chemical composition of target cells and creating substances that will bind to certain molecules, affecting their function inside the body
Stem cells pros
Scientist have been able to grow:
*functioning bladders
*urethras
*heart tissue
*lung tissue
from a person's own cells
Stem cells cons
Tissue-engineered hearts and lungs are still in the experimental stage
Those who have a vested interest in the American Health care industry are called:
Stakeholders
According to a survey done by IMS Institute for HC Informatics in 2014, what percentage of Americans said they % use the internet as their #1 source for information about health care?
70-75%
What is the term for the total value of all goods produced and services provided in America for one year?
Gross domestic product
Three key issues of concern to everyone within the American health care industry are:
*Cost
*Access
*Quality
What is the main force expanding the federal budget?
Health care costs
List three steps vital to attaining access to health care.
*Gain entry into the health care system.
*Find a health care provider who meets the needs of each patient and with whom patients can develop a relationship based in mutual communication and trust.
*Access healthcare service sites offering ongoing care.
What is most often cited as the reason for being uninsured or underinsured?
Costs
The largest purchasers of health care for most working adults are:
*Government
*Employers
What are reasons for the relatively high rate of infant mortality in the United States?
Fewer births than other nations
What is the name of the lead federal agency responsible for tracking and improving the quality, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of health care for Americans?
AHRQ
High-quality health care in the US is:
*Possible
*Expensive
*Practical
What is the term for the statistically probable number of years a newborn out to live, based on environment, heredity, lifestyle and health practices, risk factors, and so on?
Life expectancy
What is the number of years an individual actually lives called?
Life span
The science that defines how individuals are genetically programmed to respond to drugs is:
Pharmacogenomics
The science of determining how genes cause the expression of certain traits in individuals is called:
Genometrics
What is the process called that involves correcting defective genes responsible for disease?
Gene therapy
What is recommended as a future focus for health care?
*Policy
*Common interests
*Markets
Areas within health care likely to change in the future include:
*Data
*Connectivity
What is likely for the future of health care?
A focus on health of the entire population
An article by Robert J. Samuelson in the December 10, 2007, issue of Newsweek stated, "The politics of health care rests on a mass illusion: Most Americans think that someone else pays for their care."
Who pays for the health care of the uninsured?
The government (taxpayer)
An article by Robert J. Samuelson in the December 10, 2007, issue of Newsweek stated, "The politics of health care rests on a mass illusion: Most Americans think that someone else pays for their care."
As the number of people age 65 and older increases, w
*The government (taxpayers)
*Cost of Medicare premiums will rise.
An article by Robert J. Samuelson in the December 10, 2007, issue of Newsweek stated, "The politics of health care rests on a mass illusion: Most Americans think that someone else pays for their care."
How do increasing numbers of uninsured Americans add
Care for the uninsured will have to continue.
This increases:
*government health care spending
*the cost of insurance to those with coverage.