access
The availability of health care and the means to purchase
health care services.
active euthanasia
A conscious medical act that results in the death of a dying
person.
administer
To instill a drug into the body of a patient.
Adoption is
A) regulated by state law only.
B) regulated by state and federal law.
C) not regulated at all.
D) regulated under the parens patriae doctrine.
regulated by state and federal law.
affirmative action
Programs that use goals and quotas to provide preferential
treatment for minority persons determined to have been
underutilized in the past.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
The lead federal agency responsible for tracking and
improving the quality, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of
health care for Americans.
All drugs classified as Schedule II and III require
that
A) the physician call the pharmacy.
B) a written prescription, appropriately executed and signed is completed.
C) the physician check within three days to see if
the medication is working.
D) all of
a written prescription, appropriately executed and signed is completed.
Amendments to the Older Americans Act
A 1987 federal act that defines elder abuse, neglect, and
exploitation, but does not deal with enforcement.
amniocentesis
A test whereby the physician withdraws a sample of amniotic fluid from the uterus of a pregnant woman. The fluid is then
tested for genetic or other conditions that may lead to abnormal development of the fetus.
Approximately ____ of Americans live in areas where healthcare practitioners are in short supply.
A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%
20%
artificial insemination
The mechanical injection of viable semen into the vagina.
autopsy
A postmortem examination to determine the cause of death or to obtain physiological evidence, as in the case of a
suspicious death.
baby boom generation
Those individuals born between 1946 and 1964.
brain death
Final cessation of bodily activity, used to determine when death actually occurs; circulatory and respiratory functions have irreversibly ceased, and the entire brain (including the brain stem) has irreversibly ceased to function.
Chemical Hygiene Plan
The Standard for Occupational Exposures to Hazardous
Chemicals in Laboratories, which clarifies the handling of hazardous chemicals in medical laboratories.
Child Abuse Prevention & Treatment Act
A federal law passed in 1974 requiring physicians to report
cases of child abuse.
chromosome
A microscopic structure found within the nucleus of all living
cells that carries genes responsible for the organism's
characteristics.
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA)
Also called Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments. Federal statute passed in 1988 that established minimum quality standards for all laboratory testing.
clone
An organism produced asexually, usually from a single cell of the parent
cloning
The process by which organisms are created a sexually, usually from a single cell of the parent organism.
coma
A condition of deep stupor from which the patient cannot
be roused by external stimuli.
Controlled Substances Act
The federal law giving authority to the Drug Enforcement
Administration to regulate the sale and use of drugs.
coroner
A public official who investigates and holds inquests over those who die from unknown or violent causes; he or she may or may not be a physician, depending upon state law.
cost
The amount individuals, employers, state and federal
governments, HMOs, and insurers spend on health care
in the United States.
curative care
Treatment directed toward curing a patient's disease.
Curative care is designed to
A) make the dying patient comfortable.
B) cure the patient's illness.
C) provide comfort to a patient's family members and other caregivers.
D) none of the above
cure the patient's illness
discrimination
Prejudiced or prejudicial outlook, action, or treatment.
dispense
To deliver controlled substances in some type of bottle, box, or other container to a patient.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
The combination of proteins, called nucleotides, that is
arranged to make up an organism's chromosomes.
do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order
Orders written at the request of patients or their authorized
representatives that cardiopulmonary resuscitation not be used to sustain life in a medical crisis.
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
A branch of the U.S. department of justice that regulates the sale and use of drugs.
durable power of attorney
An advance directive that confers upon a designee the authority to make a variety of legal decisions on behalf of the grantor, usually including health care decisions.
During this process, fluid is withdrawn from a woman's pregnant uterus to be used for genetic and medical tests.
A) Genetic engineering
B) Abortion
C) Amniocentesis
D) Genetic therapy
Amniocentesis
Efforts to use 3-D computing in healthcare are designed to
A) visualize medical procedures.
B) create computer games that help practitioners
learn.
C) create encryption techniques to safe guard
information.
D) none of the above
visualize medical procedures
emancipated minors
Individuals in their mid- to late teens who legally live outside of parents' or guardians' control.
employment-at-will
A concept of employment whereby either the employer or
the employee can end the employment at any time, for any reason.
epigenetics
The study of changes in gene activity that do not involve
alterations to the genetic code, but are still passed down to at
least one successive generation.
Examples of public data collected by law from physicians include
A) births, deaths, rapes, and assaults.
B) murders and child abuse incidents.
C) numbers of felonies in a given year.
D) incidents of allergic reactions to drugs
births, deaths, rapes, and assaults.
federalism
The sharing of power among national, state, and local
government
Food & Drug Administration (FDA)
A federal agency within the Department of Health and Human
Services that oversees drug quality and standardization and must approve drugs before they are released for public use.
forensics
A division of medicine that incorporates law and medicine and involves medical issues or medical proof at trials having to do with malpractice, crimes, and accidents.
gene
A tiny segment of DNA found on a chromosome within a
cell's nucleus. Each gene holds the formula for making a
specific enzyme or protein.
gene therapy
Treating harmful genetic diseases or traits by eliminating or modifying the harmful gene
General Duty Clause
A section of the Hazard Communication Standard stating that any equipment that may pose a health risk must be specified as a hazard.
genetic counselor
An expert in human genetics who is qualified to counsel
individuals who may have inherited genes for certain
diseases or conditions
genetic discrimination
Differential treatment of individuals based on their actual or presumed genetic differences.
genetic engineering
Manipulation of DNA within the cells of plants, animals, and other organisms through synthesis, alteration, or repair to
ensure that certain harmful traits will be eliminated in offspring and that desirable traits will appear and be passed on.
genetics
The science that accounts for natural differences and
resemblances among organisms related by descent
genome
All the DNA in an organism, including its genes
genometrics
The science of determining how genes cause the expression of certain traits in individuals
gross domestic product (GDP)
The total value of goods produced and services provided
in a country during one year
Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)
An OSHA standard intended to increase health care practitioners' awareness of risks, improve work practices and
appropriate use of personal protective equipment, and reduce injuries and illnesses in the workplace.
Health care in the United States is a right guaranteed in the
A) U.S. Constitution.
B) Bill of Rights.
C) Health Care Rights Act of 1992.
D) none of the above
none of the above
health care proxy
A durable power of attorney issued for purposes of health
care decisions only.
Health care represents what portion of the GDP?
A) 1-5%
B) 6-10%
C) 11-15%
D) 16% or higher
16% or higher
heredity
The process by which organisms pass genetic traits on to their offspring.
heterologous artificial insemination
The process in which donor sperm is mechanically injected
into a woman's vagina to fertilize her eggs.
homologous artificial insemination
The process in which a husband's sperm is mechanically injected into his wife's vagina to fertilize her eggs.
hospice
A facility or program (often carried out in a patient's home) in which teams of health care practitioners and volunteers provide a continuing environment that focuses on the physical, emotional, and psychological needs of the dying patient.
Human Genome Project
A scientific project funded by the U.S. government, begun in 1990 and successfully completed in 2000, for the purpose of mapping all of a human's genes
If a patient dies of natural causes while under his
or her physician's care who completes the medical
portion of the death certificate?
A) The coroner
B) The medical examiner
C) The attending physician
D) Any healthcare practitioner in attendance at the t
The attending physician
In the health care industry, employers, the public and private insurers are examples of
A) lobbyists.
B) stakeholders.
C) formal interest groups.
D) political groups.
stakeholders
in vitro fertilization (IVF)
Fertilization that takes place outside a woman's body,
literally, "in glass," as in a test tube.
infertility
The failure to conceive for a period of 12 months or longer due to a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any reproductive part, organ, or system.
involuntary euthanasia
The act of ending a terminal patient's life by medical means
without his or her permission.
It is against the law for a physician to sign a death
certificate if the death was
A) not attended by a physician within a specified
length of time before death.
B) due to caused undetermined by the physician.
C) violent or otherwise suspicious.
D) all of
all of the above
just cause
An employer's legal reason for firing an employee
life expectancy
The number of years an individual can expect to live,
calculated from his or her birth
life span
The number of years an individual actually lives.
living will
An advance directive that specifies an individual's end-oflife
wishes
Mary Smith is 27 years old and married to John. She
comes to the emergency room with massive bruises and possible internal injuries. Mary says they are a result of falling down the stairs. The nurse suspects spousal abuse.
The nurse must
A) immediately ca
none of the above
mature minors
Individuals in their mid- to late teens who, for health care purposes, are considered mature enough to comprehend a physician's recommendations and give informed consent.
medical examiner
A physician who investigates suspicious or unexplained
deaths.
medical management
The management of patient care and populations
Medical Waste Tracking Act
The federal law that authorizes OSHA to inspect hazardous
medical wastes and to cite offices for unsafe or unhealthy practices regarding these wastes
Minors
A) have the same constitutional right to privacy as
an adult.
B) have limited constitutional rights to privacy.
C) must have a parent's permission to obtain birth
control.
D) none of the above
have the same constitutional right to privacy as an adult
multipotent stem cells
Stem cells that can become a limited number of types of
tissues and cells in the body
mutation
A permanent change in DNA
National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act
A federal law passed in 1986 that created a no-fault compensation program for citizens injured or killed by vaccines, as an alternative to suing vaccine manufacturers and providers.
National Organ Transplant Act
Passed in 1984, a statute that provides grants to qualified organ procurement organizations and established an Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network
National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP)
A no-fault federal system of compensation for individuals
or families of individuals injured by childhood vaccination.
Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
An OSHA regulation designed to protect health care workers
from the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA)
Established by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, the organization that is charged with writing and enforcing compulsory standards for health and safety in the workplace
palliative care
Treatment of a terminally ill patient's symptoms to make
dying more comfortable; also called comfort care
parens patriae
A legal doctrine that gives the state the authority to act in a
child's best interest.
passive euthanasia
The act of allowing a dying patient to die naturally, without
medical interference.
Patient Self-Determination Act
A federal law passed in 1990 that requires hospitals and other health care providers to provide written information to patients regarding their rights under state law to make medical decisions and execute advance directives.
persistent vegetative state (PVS)
Severe mental impairment characterized by irreversible
cessation of the higher functions of the brain, most often caused by damage to the cerebral cortex
personalized medicine
The products and services that leverage the science of genomics and proteomics and capitalize on the
trends toward wellness and consumerism to enable tailored
approaches to prevention and care.
pharmacogenomics
The science that defines how individuals are genetically
programmed to respond to drugs.
pluripotent stem cells
Stem cells that can become almost all types of tissues and
cells in the body.
prescribe
To issue a medical prescription for a patient
proteomics
The study of proteins that genes create or "express".
public policy
The common law concept of wrongful discharge when an
employee has acted for the "common good".
quality
The degree of excellence of health care services offered
right-to-know laws
State laws that allow employees access to information about toxic or hazardous substances, employer
duties, employee rights, and other workplace health and safety issues
safe haven laws
State laws that allow mothers to abandon newborns to
designated safe facilities without penalty
Self employed individuals must A) pay only � of the FICA tax.
B) deduct withholding from their paycheck.
C) make quarterly payments for city, state, and federal income taxes.
D) all of the above
make quarterly payments for city, state, and federal income
taxes.
Smallpox Emergency Personnel Protection Act (SEPPA)
A no-fault program to provide benefits and/or compensation to certain individuals including health care workers
and emergency responders, who are injured as the result of the administration of smallpox countermeasures including
the smallpox vaccine.
stakeholders
Those who have a vested interest in the health care
industry in the United States, and in any efforts to reform the
industry.
State Children's Health Initiative Program (SCHIP)
A program enacted by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 to
help low-income children under 19 who are not covered
by Medicaid.
stem cells
Cells that have the potential to become any type of body cell.
surety bond
A type of insurance that allows employers, if covered, to collect up to the specified amount of the bond if an employee embezzles or otherwise absconds with business funds.
surrogate mother
A woman who becomes pregnant, usually by artificial insemination or surgical implantation of a fertilized egg, and bears a child for another woman.
terminally ill
Referring to patients who are expected to die within six
months.
thanatology
The study of death and of the psychological methods of
coping with it.
The federal agency responsible for testing and
approving drugs before releasing them for public
use is
A) U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA).
B) U.S. Federal Drug Testing Agency.
C) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
D) U.S. Medical Testing Administ
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
The federal law that requires hospitals and other
healthcare providers to provide written information
to patients regarding their rights under state law to
make medical decisions and execute advanced
directives is called
A) Uniform Rights of the Terminall
Patient Self-Determination Act.
The local hospital nurses are trying to unionize. The leaders of this effort are demoted. One of them is terminated. Is this
A) legal, because employers have the right to eliminate troublemakers.
B) legal, because the nurses are probably spending more tim
illegal, because federal law prohibits discrimination
because of union activity.
The Patient Self-Determination Act does NOT provide for
A) documenting the existence of an advance directive to the patient's medical record.
B) non-discrimination regarding whether or not a patient has an advance directive.
C) compliance with state laws
legal prosecution of healthcare practitioners who influence a
patient's decision in preparing an advance directive.
The primary source of information for OSHA standards is
A) the medical office policy handbook.
B) the state code.
C) the Federal Register.
D) Title II of the Civil Rights Act.
the Federal Register
The process where scientists manipulate DNA within
the cells of plants and animals to ensure that certain
traits will appear and be passed on, or that certain
undesirable characteristics are eliminated, is called
genetic
A) engineering.
B) manipulation.
C
engineering.
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973
A) covers unwelcome sexual advances.
B) gives a narrow and specific definition of disabled.
C) requires federal contractors to implement
affirmative action plans in hiring and promoting
employees.
D) specifically precludes o
gives a narrow and specific definition of disabled
The term quid pro quo means
A) quantity vs. quality.
B) something for something.
C) quality and professionalism.
D) none of the above
something for something
The three major issues in healthcare are
A) cost, access, and quality.
B) cost, training, and quantity.
C) cost, access, and training.
D) none of the above
cost, access, and quality
The U.S. healthcare system has
A) the best outcomes of any civilized country.
B) mixed results in outcomes of any civilized country.
C) the worst results of any civilized country.
D) the best life expectancy results of any civilized country.
mixed results in outcomes of any civilized country.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
A) makes discrimination in the workplace illegal.
B) applies to businesses with 25 employees or
more.
C) does not cover discrimination with respect to
gender.
D) applies only to hiring and firing of employees
makes discrimination in the workplace illegal.
Unborn Victims of Violence Act
Also called Laci and Conner's Act, a 2004 federal law that provides for the prosecution of anyone who causes injury to or the death of a fetus in utero
Under what legal basis does the federal government regulate the sale and use of drugs?
A) The Drug Enforcement Agency
B) The Food and Drug Administration
C) The Controlled Substances Act
D) State public health statutes
The Controlled Substances Act
Uniform Anatomical Gift Act
A recommendation of the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, that all states accepted, allowing individuals to donate their bodies
or body parts, after death, for use in transplant surgery, tissue banks, or medical research or educa
Uniform Determination of Death Act
A proposal that established uniform guidelines for
determining when death has occurred.
Uniform Rights of the Terminally Ill Act
A 1989 recommendation of the National Conference of
Commissioners on Uniform State Laws that all states construct laws to address advance directives.
vital statistics
Numbers collected for the population of live births, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages, divorces, induced terminations of pregnancy, and any change in civil status that occurs
during an individual's lifetime.
voluntary euthanasia
The act of ending a dying patient's life by medical means
with his or her permission
What is the authority by which OSHA can levy
fines for exposure to HBV, based upon the Centers
for Disease Control guidelines?
A) Chemical Hygiene Plan
B) General Duty Clause of the Hazard Communication Standard
C) Workers' Compensation
D) Bloodborne Path
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
What legislation encouraged individuals to prepare advance directives for medical care while still able to make decisions for themselves?
A) Oregon's Death with Dignity Act
B) Patient Self-Determination Act
C) Uniform Determination of Death Act
D) The Uni
Patient Self-Determination Act
Which event recognized that the right to refuse
medical treatment is guaranteed to individuals by the United States Constitution?
A) Passage of the Patient Self Determination Act
B) Oregon's passage of a Death with Dignity Act
C) The Supreme Court case, C
The Supreme Court case, Cruzan v. Director: Missouri
Department of Health
Which of the following best describes cloning?
A) An illegal medical procedure.
B) A form of genetic testing.
C) The analysis of amniotic fluid.
D) A scientific process that produces new
organisms, identical to the parent without union
of sperm and egg.
A scientific process that produces new organisms, identical to the parent without union of sperm and egg
Which of the following federal laws does NOT
affect some aspect of adoption?
A) Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment and
Adoption Reform Act
B) Indian Child Welfare Act
C) Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of
1980
D) none of the above
none of the above
Which of the following federal laws does NOT offer protection against genetic discrimination?
A) The American with Disabilities Act
B) The Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA)
C) The Human Genome Act
D) none of the above
The Human Genome Act
Which of the following is an indication of brain death?
A) Circulatory functions have slowed.
B) Respiratory functions continue.
C) The entire brain, including the brain stem, has irreversibly ceased to function.
D) none of the above
The entire brain, including the brain stem, has irreversibly
ceased to function
Which of the following is NOT against the law?
A) Refusal to take a drug or lie detector test as a
condition of employment.
B) Firing an employee for belonging to a union.
C) Sexual harassment of an employee.
D) Asking a job applicant about his or her rel
Refusal to take a drug or lie detector test as a condition of
employment.
Which of the following is NOT true of human
cloning?
A) The U.S. government will not fund research in
human cloning.
B) Issues of legal liability have not been resolved.
C) Scientific knowledge presently appears to be
sufficient to proceed.
D) There are m
Scientific knowledge presently appears to be sufficient to
proceed.
Which of the following statements concerning controlled substances is true?
A) Copies of prescriptions written for controlled substances should be filed with the patient's medical record.
B) When a physician discontinues a practice, he or she must return
all of the above
Why may family members be reluctant to grant
permission for an autopsy of a loved one?
A) They believe the physician already knows the
cause of death; therefore, an autopsy is nnecessary.
B) They believe the deceased person has suffered
enough.
C) They be
all of the above
workers' compensation
A form of insurance established by federal and state statutes
that provides reimbursement for workers who are injured on
the job
wrongful discharge
A concept established by precedent that says an
employer risks litigation if he or she does not have just cause
for firing an employee
xenotransplantation
Transplantation of animal tissues and organs into
humans.