philosophy exam 2

inartistic proofs

Aspects of rhetoric that are preexisting,
ex) such as testimony, evidence and contracts

forensic

rhetoric of the courtroom, what is true or untrue, to convict or acquit

pathos

type of artistic proof that is an appeal to based on emotion

artistic proofs

aspects of rhetoric directly created by the rhetor through his or hers discourse

deliberative

political

Epideictic

speech dealing with the present or ceremonial occasion

primacy effect

audience will remember the first information or first thing you say

recency effect

audience will remember the most recent or last thing said

Aristole's definition of rhetoric

faculty of observing, in any given case, available means of persuasion

3 general occasion for rhetoric : Aristole

type of rhetoic is legislature
deals with the future, that is, what should or should not be done, what policy should be adopted, or what is advantageous or disadvantageous

What is epideictic also known as?

prasie or blame " rhetoric

Ethos

Persuasion based on an appeal to the moral character or credibility of the speaker

Sophists

Ancient Greek teachers of rhetoric, like Gorgias, who were more interested in winning an
argument than its truth value

kairos

Using the right message at the right time

irony

A rhetorical trope involving an apparent CONTRADICTION between what is meant and what is said

the power of naming

Obamacare", the "Death Tax", and "No Child Left Behind" all exhibit what purpose of rhetoric?

John Locke

Rhetoric gained a bad name during the Enlightenment because of this man

Sapir-Wharf Hypothesis

The notion that "language constructs (social) reality

the rhetorical situation

condition or need for rhetoric a survey of the all of the broad contexts that help make up the speech

Ferdinand Saussure

This Swiss Linguist introduced the general theory of semiotics

sexual symbolism

Kenneth Burke would describe Donald Trump's charge that Jeb Bush is "low energy" and his remarks about the size of his hands as part of what rhetorical tactic?

scapegoat

rhetorical tactic in which an individual or group of people has blame for societal
problems projected onto them

Denotative

dictionary definition

charismatic terms

These are terms which are powerful in a given society, but which the rhetor does not seek to
define

Connotation

range of thoughts and emotions associated with the word

ultimate terms

words loaded with power in a particular society

God terms

powerful terms that are viewed positively in a society

news hole

The amount of space in a news broadcast

beat system

American convention of assigning re
porters to specific segments of government

pack journalism

reporters tend to cover the same stories at the
same times & spend a lot of time together. Such an arrangement results in large scale agreement and similar story presentation

insider syndrome

Reliance on the same sources all the time can cause result in reporters and sources becoming friends, which can lead to this potential objectivity-limiting reporting problem

professional norms

moral standards, codes of ethics, and guidelines about inserting one's voice and viewpoint into a story that enable journalists to make personal decisions

bureaus

International news organizations are often geographically divided by

conglomerate

large media institutions that own companies in various forms of mass media,
such as television, radio, publishing, movies, and the internet.

Indexicality

Because images can document something that happened or took place, we say that they possess
this power to persuade

Iconicity

images deal with the power to summarize ideas and concepts

Syntactic Indeterminacy

images can not demonstrate things like cause and effect, so we say that they possess this persuasive property

forgetting curve

the more time passed since a speech , the less information the audience will retain

picture superiority effect

a picture is worth more than a 1000 words

Visual Ideograph

Culturally bound images that inspire collective meaning or commitment.
ex. soldiers raising the flag at Iwo Jima is one example

Veil of Ignorance (John Rawls)

experiment for determining what kinds of social arrangements would promote "justice" . it involves separating oneself from your particular social location/interest

direct action

According to Iris Marion Young, activists prefer this type of political activity

Conducted by the public, for the public, IN public

Public reason" is public in 3 senses- name them

Hegemony or Hegemonic Discourse

Iris Marion Young borrowed this term from Gramsci to describe the way framing arguments in a particular vocabulary accepts as legitimate the dominant ideology.

devil terms

always a negative association

Symbolic Identification

speaker associates or disassociates themselves from certain groups or identities