inartistic proofs
Aspects of rhetoric that are preexisting,
ex) such as testimony, evidence and contracts
forensic
rhetoric of the courtroom, what is true or untrue, to convict or acquit
pathos
type of artistic proof that is an appeal to based on emotion
artistic proofs
aspects of rhetoric directly created by the rhetor through his or hers discourse
deliberative
political
Epideictic
speech dealing with the present or ceremonial occasion
primacy effect
audience will remember the first information or first thing you say
recency effect
audience will remember the most recent or last thing said
Aristole's definition of rhetoric
faculty of observing, in any given case, available means of persuasion
3 general occasion for rhetoric : Aristole
type of rhetoic is legislature
deals with the future, that is, what should or should not be done, what policy should be adopted, or what is advantageous or disadvantageous
What is epideictic also known as?
prasie or blame " rhetoric
Ethos
Persuasion based on an appeal to the moral character or credibility of the speaker
Sophists
Ancient Greek teachers of rhetoric, like Gorgias, who were more interested in winning an
argument than its truth value
kairos
Using the right message at the right time
irony
A rhetorical trope involving an apparent CONTRADICTION between what is meant and what is said
the power of naming
Obamacare", the "Death Tax", and "No Child Left Behind" all exhibit what purpose of rhetoric?
John Locke
Rhetoric gained a bad name during the Enlightenment because of this man
Sapir-Wharf Hypothesis
The notion that "language constructs (social) reality
the rhetorical situation
condition or need for rhetoric a survey of the all of the broad contexts that help make up the speech
Ferdinand Saussure
This Swiss Linguist introduced the general theory of semiotics
sexual symbolism
Kenneth Burke would describe Donald Trump's charge that Jeb Bush is "low energy" and his remarks about the size of his hands as part of what rhetorical tactic?
scapegoat
rhetorical tactic in which an individual or group of people has blame for societal
problems projected onto them
Denotative
dictionary definition
charismatic terms
These are terms which are powerful in a given society, but which the rhetor does not seek to
define
Connotation
range of thoughts and emotions associated with the word
ultimate terms
words loaded with power in a particular society
God terms
powerful terms that are viewed positively in a society
news hole
The amount of space in a news broadcast
beat system
American convention of assigning re
porters to specific segments of government
pack journalism
reporters tend to cover the same stories at the
same times & spend a lot of time together. Such an arrangement results in large scale agreement and similar story presentation
insider syndrome
Reliance on the same sources all the time can cause result in reporters and sources becoming friends, which can lead to this potential objectivity-limiting reporting problem
professional norms
moral standards, codes of ethics, and guidelines about inserting one's voice and viewpoint into a story that enable journalists to make personal decisions
bureaus
International news organizations are often geographically divided by
conglomerate
large media institutions that own companies in various forms of mass media,
such as television, radio, publishing, movies, and the internet.
Indexicality
Because images can document something that happened or took place, we say that they possess
this power to persuade
Iconicity
images deal with the power to summarize ideas and concepts
Syntactic Indeterminacy
images can not demonstrate things like cause and effect, so we say that they possess this persuasive property
forgetting curve
the more time passed since a speech , the less information the audience will retain
picture superiority effect
a picture is worth more than a 1000 words
Visual Ideograph
Culturally bound images that inspire collective meaning or commitment.
ex. soldiers raising the flag at Iwo Jima is one example
Veil of Ignorance (John Rawls)
experiment for determining what kinds of social arrangements would promote "justice" . it involves separating oneself from your particular social location/interest
direct action
According to Iris Marion Young, activists prefer this type of political activity
Conducted by the public, for the public, IN public
Public reason" is public in 3 senses- name them
Hegemony or Hegemonic Discourse
Iris Marion Young borrowed this term from Gramsci to describe the way framing arguments in a particular vocabulary accepts as legitimate the dominant ideology.
devil terms
always a negative association
Symbolic Identification
speaker associates or disassociates themselves from certain groups or identities