The most favored electoral systems in the world are:
simple plurality systems and list PR systems
Voting turnout can be measured as a percentage of the voting age population or as a percentage of:
citizens on the electoral registers
In the established democracies, turnout as a percentage of the voting age population:
declined slightly to around 70 percent in the 1990s
Turnout in PR voting systems is:
higher than in other systems
Strong patterns of class voting are especially found in:
Norway, Denmark, Austria
The "Columbia school" of voting theories is based on the idea that:
people vote according to their membership of social groups, and that social groups vote for the party that best serves their interests
Change in voting patterns from any one election to another is called:
volatility
A "protest vote" is a vote:
for a party not because it is supported, but because it opposes other parties
Rational-choice theories of voting are also known as economic theories of voting because:
voting decisions are considered to be similar to those of consumers and producers in the economic market who calculate the costs and benefits of political alternatives
Party identification" is:
a relatively stable and deep-rooted feeling of attachment to and support for a political party
the main function of politically appointed administrators and policy advisors is
to enforce control bureaucracies by politicians
an ideal type as defined by Max Weber is
an analytical construct that simplifies reality and picks out its most important features
the total size of the public bureaucracy is relatively small in
Japan turkey and Greece
bureaucracies are supposed to administer their services
based on rationality, legality, hierarchy and formal rules
he fact that the state bureaucracy is not a single organization with power to control the smoothly working machine concentrated at the very top is called
fragmentation
a system of government and politics based on relationship between Patron and client is called
clientelism
the new public management reforms sought to into public administration insights from
the private sector
rational choice theorists who study bureaucracy (public choice scholars) argued that bureaucrats are
pervasively self-seeking
the new public management first became influential during
1980s to 1990s
open government is about
transparency and accountability
the main characteristic of an empirical political theory is that
analyzes how the political world actually works and why it works that way
the core features of a state are
issuing and enforcing rules that are binding for the people in a given territory
the legitimate use of power refers to the use of power that is accepted because
it is in accordance with the norms and values of citizens
according to the theory of Stein Rokkan, the last two broad stages of the development of modern States involve
Mass democracies and welfare states
emphasis on the capacity of the state to reconcile and integrate the interests of different social groups is a characteristic of
pluralist theories of the state
which of the following were the main catalyst for the development and growth of the modern state, according to the text
welfare and capitalism
the number of states between 1945 and 2004
rose from about 50 about 191
a state based on the acceptance of a common culture, a common history and a common fate is called
a nation-state
According to Aristotle a state is
a political community aiming at the highest good
democracies that accept responsibility for the young and old, the sick and disabled, and the unemployed and poor are called
welfare states
human beings are naturally organized into political states as dominate the world today
true
the persistent involvement in wars in the promotion of capitalism
contributed strongly to the emergence of modern states, but they are not direct causes