citizenship, age, and residency
states require that any person wishing to vote must meet a specific qualifications for
states
can set any qualifications they choose for voting, so long as those qualifications do not violate any restrictions or provision set out in the Constitution
citizens of U.S. and residents of the state
many states require that all voters be
party identification
the single most significant predictor of a person's partisan voting behavior is his or her
independents has grown
as party id has weakened
reigister
to prevent fraudulant voting, most states require voters to
voting on president is more important than voting on congress
statistics say it is clear many people find
federal elections
more of the electorate vote in general
nonvoting voter
a voter who votes in the presidential election but does not vote for a congressional candidate in the smae election is called a
by mail
congress requires states to allow voter registration ______ to make it easier to register
people are more likely to vote
when an election is very close
gerrymandering
is unfair because it sets district boudaries to decrease on group's voting strength
men and women
the differences in voting patterns between______ & ______ have been shown to be issue-oriented
higher, 16th
voter turnout among 18 year olds was ____ immediately after passage of the _________ Amendment, but then dropped
Eliminated all literacy qualifications,
Required ballots to be printed in english and the lang. of minority involved,
Broadened the laws preclearance provisions to cover other minority groups
amendments to the 1965 voting right act:
ballot fatigue
when fewer votes are cast for offices farther down the ballot
Apathy or distrust of politics,
Long-term mental, or physical illness or illness on an election day,
Rules and regulations that make registration and voting cumbersome
reasons for nonvoting in U.S. elections today:
The republican party
drew northern African Americans before the 1930s because it wa the party of Abe Lincoln
15th amendment
(1870) did not secure the right of African Americans to vote because the federal gov. did not intervene to uphold the amendment
one that granted suffrage in theory and one that accomplished suffrage in fact
the expansion of suffrage to African Americans took place in two stage:
ruling that at least some functions of political parties are public, not private
one step that helped clear the way for African American suffrage was the supreme court's
amendments and civil rights acts
the expansion of suffrage in the U.S. has been moved forward by
Removing restrictive requirements based on religious belief,
Eliminating requirements based on race,
Eliminating requirements based on tax payments
long-term trends marking the expansion of suffrae in the U.S.
literacy test
worked to deny the right to vote to African Americans because they were asked questions that were more difficult than those asked of prospective white voters
minority groups
literacy requirements were usually aimed at
civil rights act of 1957
established a federal commission to investigate claims of individual voter discrmination
poll taxes, literacy tests, threats and social pressures
the following have been used to keep African Americans from voting: