Alkene to Alkane
H2/Pt catalyst (addition)
Alkane to Alkene
High temp cracking
Haloalkane to Alkene
KOH(alc) elimination
Alkene to Haloalkene
Br2 or Cl (addition)
Alkyne to Haloalkane
Br2 (Addition)
Haloalkane to Amine
NH3(alc) substitution
Haloalkane to Alkane
H+/Zn catalyst (substitution)
Alkane to Haloalkane
X2 UV light (substitution)
Alkene to Alcohol
H2O/50% H2SO4 (Addition)
Alcohol to Alkene
conc. H2SO4 (elimination)
Alcohol to Haloalkane
SOCl2 (PCl3, PCl5) Substitution/chlorination
Haloalkane to Alcohol
KOH(aq) substitution
Secondary Alcohol to Ketone
H+/Cr2O7 2- (oxidation) secondary
Ketone to Alcohol
NaBH4 (reduction) ka
Alkene to Diol
H+/KMnO4 or H+/MnO4- (oxidation)
Primary Alcohol to Aldehyde
H+/Cr2O7 2- (oxidation) primary
Aldehyde to Alcohol
NaBH4 (reduction) aa
Amine to Polymer (polyamide)
Diamine + dicarboxylic acid (condensation polymerisation or Diacyl chloride
Aldehyde to Carboxylic acid
H+/Cr2O7 2- (oxidation)
Carboxylic Acid to Ester
R-OH/c.H2SO4 (esterfication/condensation)
Ester to Carboxylic acid
Dil. H2SO4 (hydrolysis)
Carboxylic acid to Acyl chloride
SOCl2 (PCl3 PCl5) (nucleophilic substitution)
Acyl chloride to Carboxylic acid
H2O (condensation)
Acyl chloride to Amide
NH3(alc) substitution
Acyl chloride to Ester
R-OH (esterification/condensation)
Ester to Amide
NH3(conc) substitution
Carboxylic acid to polyester (Polymer)
dicarboxylic acid and Diol/H+ (conc. H2SO4) condensation polymerisation
Acyl chloride to Polymer (polyester)
Diacyl chloride and diol (condensation polymerisation)