Chemistry Reaction scheme level 3

Alkene to Alkane

H2/Pt catalyst (addition)

Alkane to Alkene

High temp cracking

Haloalkane to Alkene

KOH(alc) elimination

Alkene to Haloalkene

Br2 or Cl (addition)

Alkyne to Haloalkane

Br2 (Addition)

Haloalkane to Amine

NH3(alc) substitution

Haloalkane to Alkane

H+/Zn catalyst (substitution)

Alkane to Haloalkane

X2 UV light (substitution)

Alkene to Alcohol

H2O/50% H2SO4 (Addition)

Alcohol to Alkene

conc. H2SO4 (elimination)

Alcohol to Haloalkane

SOCl2 (PCl3, PCl5) Substitution/chlorination

Haloalkane to Alcohol

KOH(aq) substitution

Secondary Alcohol to Ketone

H+/Cr2O7 2- (oxidation) secondary

Ketone to Alcohol

NaBH4 (reduction) ka

Alkene to Diol

H+/KMnO4 or H+/MnO4- (oxidation)

Primary Alcohol to Aldehyde

H+/Cr2O7 2- (oxidation) primary

Aldehyde to Alcohol

NaBH4 (reduction) aa

Amine to Polymer (polyamide)

Diamine + dicarboxylic acid (condensation polymerisation or Diacyl chloride

Aldehyde to Carboxylic acid

H+/Cr2O7 2- (oxidation)

Carboxylic Acid to Ester

R-OH/c.H2SO4 (esterfication/condensation)

Ester to Carboxylic acid

Dil. H2SO4 (hydrolysis)

Carboxylic acid to Acyl chloride

SOCl2 (PCl3 PCl5) (nucleophilic substitution)

Acyl chloride to Carboxylic acid

H2O (condensation)

Acyl chloride to Amide

NH3(alc) substitution

Acyl chloride to Ester

R-OH (esterification/condensation)

Ester to Amide

NH3(conc) substitution

Carboxylic acid to polyester (Polymer)

dicarboxylic acid and Diol/H+ (conc. H2SO4) condensation polymerisation

Acyl chloride to Polymer (polyester)

Diacyl chloride and diol (condensation polymerisation)