cranial cavity
houses the brain
spinal cavity
houses the spinal cord
thoracic cavity
houses the heart, lungs, large blood vessels
abdominal cavity
houses the stomach, most of intestines, kidney, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen
pelvic cavity
houses the urinary bladder, part of intestine, rectum, parts of the reproductive system
cranial
located near the head
superior
above or in a higher position.
inferior
below, lower.
ventral anterior
located near the surface or in front of coronal plane
dorsal posterior
located to the back of the coronal plane
medial
near the center or midline of the saggital plane
lateral
away from the midline of the saggital plane
proximal
nearest the point of attachment
distal
farthest from the point of attachment or the midline
caudal
located near the sacral region, toward the tail
cephalic
toward the head
bones
serves as a framework for the body, giving structure and support
protects internal structures, such as the brain and spinal cord
acts as a storage area for calcium
produces blood cells
allow flexibility when muscles move them
muscles
produce heat
produce movement
maintain posture
liver
production of bile
removal of poisons
storage of vitamins
production of heparin
production of antibodies
urinary system
excretion of urine
maintenance of water balance
regulation of the chemical balance or acid-base balance of the body
pituitary
controls other glands; stimulates growth
thyroid
controls rate of metabolism
parathyroid
regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism
pancreas
enables utilization of glucose
ovaries
develop and maintain female reproductive organs
testes
develop and maintain male reproductive organs
adrenal medulla
prepares the body for fight or flight
adrenal cortex
aids body in coping with stress or infection
pineal
may help modulate wake/sleep patterns
integumentary system
protects underlying body parts from injury and invasion of pathogens
regulates body temperature
eliminates waste
stores energy in forms of fat and vitamins
produces vitamin D
taste buds
sweet
salty
bitter
sour
ear
amplify sound waves
translates sound
responsible for equilibrium
adduct
moving a body part toward the midline
abduct
moving a body part away from the midline
extend
increases the angle of the muscle
flex
decreases the angle of the muscle
rotate
turning a body part on its axis
supination
a rotational movement
voluntary
contracts when you want to move
involuntary
contracts automatically
voluntary and involuntary
types of muscles
muscle tissue
skeletal/striated
visceral/smooth
cardiac
skeletal
voluntary, provides movement of the body.
visceral
forms the walls of the internal organs of the body
cardiac
forms the wall of the heart, circulates blood
hinge joint
knee cap
ball and socket joint
pelvic hip joint
pivot joint
palm of hand to the back of hand
immovable
cranium (suture joints)
slightly movable
vertebral discs, sacroiliac joints, symphysis pubis
freely movable
shoulder joint, elbow wrist and finger joints, knee and ankle joints
osteoporosis
The bone becomes porous, causing it to break easily. Occurs more frequently in women after menopause, or in people who are sedentary or on steroid therapy for a long time.
osteoporosis
pain, especially in the lower back. Fractures that occur easily or with little trauma associated. Often it is the cause of spontaneous fractures in elderly women.
osteomyelitis
Infection of the bone that is usually caused by bacteria (often staphylococci) that infects the bone and/or the bone marrow, usually introduced by trauma, or surgery. Number one complication of compound fractures.
osteomyelitis
Persistent, increasing bone pain with tenderness spreading into muscles, along with a fever.
myalgia
muscle pain
myalgia
Muscle pain and malaise; occurs in many infectious diseases.
muscular dystrophy
A group of genetically transmitted diseases that progressively deteriorates muscle tissue
muscular dystrophy
Loss of strength with increased disability and deformity
arteriosclerosis
Present when the walls of the arteries become thick and harden, causing vessels to be less elastic. Less blood is able to flow through the arteries because the arteries are narrowed.
arteriosclerosis
Changes in skin temperature and color, changes in peripheral pulses, headache, dizziness, and memory changes. Common in geriactric patients.
myocardial infarction
Occurs when the coronary arteries (the muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart) are blocked. this blockage can be due to atherosclerosis, or a blood clot, which is called coronary thrombosis.
myocardial infarction
Crushing chest pain that may radiate to the left arm, neck or stomach. The patient may complain of severe heartburn or a gallbladder attack. The patient may look ashen in color and skin may feel clammy. May experience shortness of breath, may feel faint a
AIDS
A collection of symptoms and infections resulting from specific damage to the immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
AIDS
Conditions that do not normally develop in individuals with healthy immune systems, such as infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Includes infections, fevers, swollen glands, weakness, chills, and weight loss. Affects nearly every o
asthma
The bronchial tube walls spasm, narrowing the passageways. With the passageways narrowed, it is difficult to breath.
asthma
A suffocating feeling, breathing is difficult, anxiety can easily occur.
emphysema
Progressive disease can result in disability, and in severe cases, heart or respiratory failure and death. The alveoli become stretched out and are not able to push the carbon dioxide and other pollutants out of the lungs. Can be caused from smoking, freq
emphysema
Anxiety, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, cough, cyanosis, unequal chest expansion, rapid heartbeat, and elevated body temperature.
tuberculosis
Infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus. This bacillus is difficult to destroy. The tubercle bacillus can be carried on air currents and dust particles for a long time. When they are inhaled into the respiratory system, the bacillus may become
tuberculosis
Listlessness, vague chest pain, decreased appetite, fever, night sweats, and weight loss are early symptoms. Tubercle bacillus most often infects the lungs, but it can also infect other organs of the body.
renal calculi
Kidney stones that develop when the liquid waste from the blood becomes solid
renal calculi
Sharp, severe pain in the lower back over the kidney, radiating into the groin.
hydronephrosis
Expanded renal pelvis. Normally caused by an obstruction (kidney stone or tumor) that keeps urine from flowing down the ureter.
hydronephrosis
May experience fever, and pain of the side (flank) and in some cases, urine may contain blood and/or pus.
otosclerosis
Hereditary condition in which the bones of the ear change and sounds are not transmitted properly.
otosclerosis
Tinnitus (ringing of the ears) then loss of hearing.
otitismedia
inflammation of the middle ear
otorrhea
purulent discharge from the ear
gonorrhea
flow from the genitals caused by infection
acne
inflammation of the sebaceous gland
alopecia
baldness
athletes foot
Caused by fungus. It usually involves the toes and the soles of the feet but is occasionally found on the hands.
athletes foot
Itching, scaling, and sometimes painful lesions
boils
Skin abscess caused when bacteria enters the hair follicles or sebaceous glands
boils
Pain, redness, and swelling
ceroma
tumor of waxy appearance
skin cancer
Rapid growth of cells on the skin that can invade blood vessels, lymph glands, and connecting ducts. The most common types are: Basal cell carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma.
skin cancer
Raised, hard, reddish lesions with a pearly surface. Slightly elevated cells, tumors that may become sores that don't heal.
syphilis
Caused by a spirochete transmitted through sexual contact. It can affect any organ or system of the body. The spirochete is able to pass through the human placenta causing congenital syphilis in a newborn infant.
syphilis
small, painless red pustule on the skin or mucous membrane (is contagious). Approximately two months later, generalized malaise, anorexia, nausea, fever, headache, loss of hair, bone and joint pain, skin rash that does not itch, sore in the mouth. Appeara
chlamydia
A contagious bacterium, that lives in the conjunctiva of the eye and in the urethra and cervix of the uterus.
chlamydia
Purulent discharge from the urethra in the male or the vagina in the female.
eczema
Reddened areas on the surface of the skin.
eczema
Areas on the skin may be red, swollen, and weeping purulent fluid. Usually reddened, scaly, itchy areas on the skin.
pneumonia
inflammation of the lungs, usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or an irritation by chemicals.
pneumonia
chills and fever, headache, cough, and chest pain.
fibrositis
inflammation of connective tissue
diaphragm
muscular wall that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
epiglottis
a flap that closes when food or water is swallowed
bronchi
air passageways that connect to the trachea
alveoli
at the end of each bronchiole. Covered with capillaries that absorb oxygen into the blood.
cillia
hairlike projections that move rhythmically
chime
creamy semifluid mixture of food and digestive juicess
villi
tiny projections
feces
solid waste that is evacuated from the body through the anus
peristalsis
progressive, wavelike motion that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body
sphincter
circular muscle that allows the opening and closing of a body part
edema
swelling; abnormal or excessive collection of fluid in the tissues. usually, the swelling is in the hangs, ankles legs, or abdomen
dialysis
process of removing waste from body fluids
ganglia
mass of nerve tissue composed of nerve cell bodies. lies outside the brain and spinal cord
neuron
nerve; includes the cell and the long fiber coming from the cell
retina
innermost coating of the eye, house the mechanisms that sense vision
sclera
white of the eye, the outer lining
cerebrum
processes thought having to do with memory and learning. controls voluntary movements and senses interpretation
lymphocyte
type of white blood cell
phagocyte
cells that surround, ingest, and digest microorganisms and cellular waste.
antigen
foreign matter that causes the body to produce antibodies
antibodies
substances made by the body to produce immunity to an antigen
larynx
pouch containing a cordlike framework that creates voice sounds
interstitial
Fluid between cells
tonsils
masses of lymph tissue that are exposed to the outside
pyloric sphincter
ringlike muscle found at the far end of the stomach. its main purpose is to keep food in the stomach long enough to become chyme.
lymphatic system
lymph nodes
lymph vessels
thymus
spleen
tonsils
urinary system
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
nervous system
brain
spinal cord
nerves
reproductive system
testes/ovaries
vas defrens
urethra
prostate
penis
scrotum
uterus
fallopian tubes
vagina
vulva
mammary glands
accessory organs
teeth
salivary glands
tongue
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
appendix