Why do earth scientist often use models and computer simulations
They use them to represent complex objects or models and to test a hypothesis
How does science relate to technology?
Science is the study if the natural world. Technology, on the other hand changes or modifies the natural world to meet human needs or solve problems
science
a way of learning about the natural world through observations and logical reasoning; leads to a body of knowledge
observing
the process of using one or more of your senses to gather information
inferring
the process of making an inference, an interpretation based on observations and prior knowledge
predicting
the process of forecasting what will happen in the future based on past experience or evidence
scientific inquiry
the ongoing process of discovery in science; the diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on evidence they gather
hypothesis
a possible explanation for a set of observations to answer to a scientific questions; must be testable
controlled experiment
an experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a time
variable
a factor that can change in an experiment
manipulated variable
the one factor that a scientist changes during an experiment; also called independent variable
responding variable
the factor that changes as a result of changes to the manipulated, or independent, variable in an experiment; also called dependent variable
data
facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observations
scientific theory
a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations
scientific law
a statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions
Earth science
the science that focuses on planet Earth and its place in the universe
system
a group of related parts that work together
energy
the ability to do work or cause change
constructive force
a force that builds up mountains and landmasses on Earth's surface
destructive force
a force that slowly wears away mountains and other features on the surface of Earth
geologist
a scientist who studies the forces that make and shape planet Earth
oceanographer
a scientist who studies Earth's oceans
meteorologist
a scientist who studies the causes of weather and tries to predict it
astronomer
a scientist who studies the universe beyond Earth
environmental scientist
a scientist who studies the effects of human activities on Earth's land, air, water, and living things and also tries to solve problems relating to the use of resources
technology
how people modify the world around them to meet their needs or to solve practical problems
engineer
a person who is trained to use both technological and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems
conclusion
a summary of what you have learned from a experiment
What is the Nature of Inquiry
Pose a questions
Form a hypothesis
Collect and interpret data
Draw a conclusion
Communicate
This can be done in any order
Why is the scientific inquiry a process with many paths, not rigid sequence of steps?
Because observations at each stage can modify your hypothesis which will change your answer in the long run.
What is communicating?
Sharing Ideas and experimental findings with others.
You can think of___________ as a rule of nature
Scientific law
Future testing can prove a scientific theory to be incorrect. True or Flase
True
How is a scientific law unlike a scientific theory?
Unlike a theory, a scientific law describes an observed pattern in nature without attempting to explain it.
What is Earth Science?
Earth Science is the body of knowledge that deals with Earth and it's place in the universe.
What are the four Spheres
Atmosphere (the body of air which surrounds our planet - air), Lithosphere (the solid, rocky crust covering entire planet - ground), Hydrosphere (composed of all of the water on or near the earth - water), and Biosphere (composed of all living organisms).
Explain how earth can considered a system?
Because the four spheres aren't separate, they make up Earth's system.
What is the source for many processes on this earth?
The sun, it's energy is transferred to the Earth as radiation, a form of energy that can move through space.
What is the difference between constructive and destructive forces on the earths surface.
Constructive forces shape and build the Earths surface with landmasses. Destructive forces slowly wear away mountains and every other feature on earth.
What is one reason that scientist are interested in studying other planets.
Because understanding the other planets will help understand earths history.
Scientist who study the hydrosphere are called
Oceanographer
If you explain or interpret something based on your experience, you are making an
inference
Scientific inquiry often begins with
posing questions
A possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question is a
hypothesis
Can a hypothesis be accepted as true after one test?
No it cannot because scientist will want to repeat the experiment so they can determine if there first result were correct.
What is the role of responding variable.
To change due to the manipulated variable.
What are three ways scientist communicate their ideas
by giving talks through meetings, exchanging info, on the internet, and publishing books,
Two sources of energy for the processes of the Earth are
the sun and the heat of the interior
Any group of people that live together and have common interests
Society
You should prep for lab...
a day before the lab day.
When you have completed a lab you should...
clean up your work area.
If you spill something on your skim you should..
Flush it with large amounts of water.
Environmental scientist
they study the Earth's environment and resources as well as determine the effects of human activity on the Earth's land, air, water, and living things
Five things you should do when you complete a lab experiment...
turn off/unplug everything
return items to their original places
dispose of wastes properly
wipe down your work area
wash hands thoroughly
Once the experiment is complete, what must a scientist do to determine whether the data supports the hypothesis?
They must first interpret the data to then draw a conclusion of the results. If needed, they would run more tests if further data is needed
If you could visit Earth one million years from now, would the land surface look the same?
No, the land surface would look completely different due to the constructive and destructive forces. Many famous mountains would be mostly worn if not gone, and tons of new features would exist.
Which type of Earth scientist studies the lithosphere? and why?
Geologist - hard, rocky layer
Which type of Earth scientist studies the hydrosphere? and why?
Oceanographer - water of the earth
Which type of Earth scientist studies the atmosphere? and why?
Meteorologist - Earth's weather
How is geology and astronomy similar? different?
similar - both work to learn more about earths history
different - geologists study on earth, astronomers study earths surroundings
What are the three technologies of the Information Age? How have they affected society?
Cell phones, satellites, and fast computers. They allow people to share info very fast.