What is the cardiovascular system?
It carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells. In addition blood contains cells that fights disease
What does the cardiovascular system consist of?
Heart, blood vessels, and blood.
What is another name for the cardiovascular system?
The circulatory system.
What important substances does blood carry to other parts of your body?
Blood carries oxygen from your lungs to your other body cells, and transports the glucose your cells use to produce energy.
How does the cardiovascular system remove waste from cells such as the carbon dioxide from the production of glucose?
When cells break down glucose they produce CO2 as waste product. the CO2 passes from the cells into the blood, and the cardiovascular system passes it to the lungs where it is exhaled.
How does the cardiovascular system fight disease?
it transports cells that attack disease fighting micro-organisms to either prevent you from getting sick or help you get well.
What is the heart?
It is a pump made of muscles that pump blood throughout the body. It is hollow.
How large is the heart and where is it located?
It is located behind the sternum and inside the ribcage, and is about the size of your fist.
What kind of muscle is the heart made of?
It is made of Cardiac muscle which contracts regularly to push blood to the blood vessels of the cardiovascular system
Pulminary
Lung
Cardiac
Heart
Gastric
Stomach
Derm, or dermis
Skin
What is blood?
Liquid that circulates in the blood vessels. It carries oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the tissues of the body.
What are the three types of blood vessels?
Arteries, veins, and capillaries
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, thin walled vessels
Superior and Inferior vena cava
Two major veins carrying blood back to the heart; inferior v.c. carries blood from the lower body (legs & pelvis); superior carries blood from the head, arms, and upper body.
Inferior vena cava
Carries blood from the lower body, legs and pelvis to the heart
Superior vena cava
Carries blood from the head, arms and upper body to the heart
Arteries
Carries blood away from the heart to other parts of the body, thick walled vessels, they have a pulse.
Aorta
The biggest, fattest artery of the body. It carries oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the body.
What is the structure of the heart?
Each side of the heart has two chambers, an upper and lower. The two upper are each called atria and receive blood going into the heart. The two lower chambers are called ventricles which pump blood out of the heart.
What separates the right side of the heart from the left side?
The septum
How are the atria separated from the ventricles?
By valves
What is a valve?
A flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backward.
Besides separating the atria from the ventricles, where else are valves located?
Between the ventricles and large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
How does the heart work?
It has two main phases, 1) the heart muscle relaxes and the heart fills with blood; 2) the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood forward to the lungs and body
What happens once the atria contract?
the muscle contracts and squeezes blood out of the atria through valves into the ventricles, then the ventricles contract (this contraction closes the valves between the atria and ventricles, and pushes blood into the large arteries.
Which ventricle exerts more force and why?
The left ventricle exerts more force, because it pushes blood throughout the body.
What are capillaries?
the tiniest blood vessels
What makes the heart muscle contract?
A group of cells called the pacemaker located in the right atrium of the heart.
What is the job of the pacemaker?
It receives messages about the body's oxygen needs and then adjusts the heart rate to match.
What is the path of blood?
Arteries to capillaries to veins
What are the two loops of the circulatory system?
In the first loop, blood travels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart; in the second loop, blood is pumped from the heart throughout the body and then returns again to the heart.
How does blood travel?
In only one direction
Where does blood from the body flow into the heart?
Into the right atrium, with not a lot of oxygen. This oxygen-poor blood is dark red and has a lot of carbon dioxide.
After the right atrium, where does blood flow?
Into the right ventricle which pumps the oxygen-poor blood into the arteries that lead to the lungs
What happens to blood in the lungs?
Large blood vessels branch into smaller ones eventually blood flows through tiny capillaries that are in close contact with the air that comes into the lungs. The air has more oxygen than the blood in the capillaries, therefore, oxygen moves into the capi
What happens to carbon dioxide in the capillaries?
It moves from the capillaries into the lungs to be exhaled.
What color is oxygen rich blood?
Bright red
What is a pulse?
It is the beat you can feel against the wall of an artery when your heart beats.
What is the pulse the same as?
The heart rate
What is the normal adult pulse?
Between 60 to 100 beats a minute
Which arteries are most common for feeling a pulse?
Radial inside your wrist near the side of your thumb and carotid on the neck between the wind pipe and the neck muscle, under the lower jaw bone.
Why do you need to take your pulse?
Caregivers may want to check your pulse due to an illness like heart disease or because some medicines can change your pulse rate.
How do you take a radial pulse?
1) Bend elbow with arm on a table and palm of hand facing up
2) use middle and index finder, gently feel for radial artery inside your wrist 3) count your pulse for a full minute (60 seconds) using a watch with a second hand and notice if it is strong or
How to take a carotid pulse?
1) use you middle and index fingers, gently feel the carotid artery on either side of your neck (outer part of your neck), but do NOT press down on both arteries at the same time. 2) Count your carotid pulse for a full minute (60 seconds) 3) Write down yo
Why don't you take your pulse with your thumb?
Because it has a pulse of its own.
How does the skeletal system protect the cardiovascular system?
The heart and lungs are protected by the rib cage and sternum.
Where are most of the body's blood cells produced?
In the red bone marrow
What are the two types of marrow in bones and what do they do?
Red marrow produces most of the body's blood cells and yellow marrow stores fat that can serve as an energy source.
How are cardiac muscles like smooth muscles?
They are involuntary.
Where are cardiac muscles found?
Only in the heart.
How are cardiac muscles like skeletal muscles?
They are striated.
How are cardiac muscles different than skeletal muscles?
They never get tired, they contract repeatedly (heartbeat).
What is the only action that muscles can do?
They can only contract (not expand).
What are the three types of muscle?
Skeletal, smooth (like in digestion and blood vessels), and cardiac