Addictive drug
a substance that causes physical or psychological (mental) dependence
Nicotine
the addictive drug found in tobacco leaves
Stimulant
a drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs
Carcinogen
a cancer-causing substance
Tar
a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns
Carbon monoxide
a colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas
Smokeless tobacco
tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed
Leukoplakia
thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer
Nicotine withdrawal
the process that occurs in the body when nicotine, an addictive drug, is no longer used
Nicotine substitutes
products that deliver small amounts of nicotine into the user's system while he or she is trying to give up the tobacco habit
Tobacco cessation program
a course that provides information and help people who want to stop using tobacco
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
secondhand smoke; air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke
Mainstream smoke
the smoke exhaled from the lungs of a smoker
Sidestream smoke
the smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar
Secondhand smoke
smoke from a cigarette, cigar, or pipe that is involuntarily inhaled, especially by nonsmokers
Third-hand smoke
tobacco smoke contamination that remains after the cigarette has been extinguished
one
Tobacco use, particularly smoking, is the number _____ cause of preventable disease in the US.
False
True or False. Tobacco products do not carry warning labels
Lung disease, cancers, and heart disease
Smoking has been linked to what illnesses?
90 percent
About what percent of adult smokers began to smoke as teens?
Nicotine
All tobacco products contain _______
It contains an addictive drug
Why is tobacco use hard to quit?
Nicotine
______ raises blood pressure, increases heart rate, and contributes to heart disease and stroke
Tolerance
Once addicted, people need more and more tobacco to satisfy the craving for nicotine. What is this called?
Addictive; toxic
Tobacco is _____ and _____
Group A
Environmental tobacco smoke is a ________ carcinogen.
most dangerous
Group A means __________
True
True or False. Cigarettes destroy your taste buds.
Cilia
Tiny hair like structures that line the upper airways and protect against infection
Alveoli
Air sacs that absorb oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide
Tar
What is in cigarette smoke that destroys the alveoli?
Respiratory
What human body system is most affected by smoking?
Tar
What's in cigarette smoke that destroys cilia?
Tar
What is in cigarette smoke that destroys lung tissue, making the lungs less able to function?
Lungs
_______ damaged by smoking are more susceptible to diseases like, bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, heart disease, and cancer
87 percent
what percent of cancer deaths result from smoking?
Blood; oxygen
carbon monoxide is more readily taken up by ____ than _____
oxygen
Carbon monoxide deprives the body's tissues and cells of ____
Clogged arteries
the hardening of the arteries is called _____
Carbon monoxide
______ Increases the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, circulatory problems, and hardening of the arteries
Cigars
What contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide? Cigars or cigarettes
One pack of cigarettes
One cigar can contain as much nicotine as _____
Pipe and cigar
_______ and _____ smokers have an increased risk of developing cancers of the lip, mouth, throat, larynx, lungs, and esophagus
False
True or False. Smokeless tobacco is a safe alternative to smoking
mucous membranes
Nicotine/carcinogens are absorbed into blood through ______ in mouth or digestive tract.
28
Smokeless tobacco contains nicotine, in addition to how many carcinogens?
2-3 times
Smokeless tobacco is often held in the mouth for long periods of time. It delivers both nicotine and carcinogens to the body at levels how many times the amount delivered by 1 cigarette because the body is exposed to the harmful chemicals that many times
smokeless tobacco
Cancers of the throat, larynx, esophagus, stomach, and pancreas are also more common among users of ____________________
irritation of the mouth's sensitive tissues by smokeless tobacco
What causes Leukoplakia?
Two
Those who chew 8-10 plugs a day of tobacco take in the same amount of nicotine as a smoker who smokes _____ packs of cigarettes a day.
False
True or False. Smokeless tobacco is less addictive than smoked tobacco.
Changes in brain chemistry, increased respiration and heart rate, irregular heart rate, dulled taste buds, reduced appetite, bad breath, yellowed teeth, smelly hair clothes and skin
Short term effects of tobacco
headaches, nervousness, trembling, Irritability, difficulty concentrating, anxiety, sleep disturbance, cravings for tobacco
Symptoms of tobacco withdrawal
30 minutes
Withdrawal symptoms of tobacco can occur as early as _______ after use.
True
True or False. Tobacco use can cause trouble breathing during physical activity and a decreased endurance level
True
True or False. People may tend to avoid tobacco users.
They have bad breath, yellowed teeth, and smelly hair, clothes, and skin.
Why might someone avoid a tobacco user?
Decreased function of body systems (respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive), weakened immune system, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, clogged arteries, coronary heart disease and stroke
Long-term effects of tobacco use
Chronic bronchitis
repeated tobacco use can damage the cilia in the bronchi until the cilia no longer function. This leads to a buildup of tar in the lungs, causing chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion. What is this called?
Emphysema
this disease destroys the tiny air sacs in the lungs. The air sacs become less elastic, making it more difficult for the lungs to absorb oxygen.
80 percent
Up to what percent of his or her energy does a person with emphysema have to use to breathe?
Lung Cancer
When the cilia in the bronchi are destroyed extra mucus cannot be expelled. Cancerous cells can grow in these conditions, block the bronchi, and move into the lungs. What is this called?
True
True or False. Unless detected early, lung cancer can cause death.
Coronary heart disease and stroke
Nicotine constricts blood vessels, which cuts down on circulation and blood flow to the lungs. What is this called?
Nicotine
________ contributes to plaque buildup in the blood vessels, which can lead to hardened arteries, (arteriosclerosis). Arteries may become clogged, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.
three
The risk of sudden death from heart disease is how many times greater for smokers than for nonsmokers?
False
True or False. Pregnant women can be around tobacco smoke and use tobacco.
low birth weight
If smoking during pregnancy or being around smokers during pregnancy occurs, the baby can have a ___________ along with other health problems
18
How old do you have to be to buy tobacco in all states?
True
True or False. Tobacco use at school is prohibited.
$3,000
someone who smokes a pack a day can spend more than ____ each year just on cigarettes
$167 billion
tobacco related illness cost the US about _____ each year
Legal, social, financial, cost to society
List some consequences of tobacco use.
True
True or False. Nonsmokers are on the rise.
health risks
Knowing the _______ help teens choose to be tobacco free
88 percent
what percent of high school students do not smoke nationwide?
young
In 1998, legal settlement was reached that restricted tobacco advertising and promotion aimed at the _____
True
True or False. Tobacco companies are now required to fund ads that discourage young people from smoking.
No-smoking policies, family values, positive peer pressure, health risks
Name some reasons why teens choose not to smoke
Avoiding tobacco
___________ Lowers the risk of lung cancer, Heart disease, and Stroke and improves cardiovascular endurance and lung function. This increases physical fitness and enhances athletic performance
Sense of freedom, less stress, and more confidence in social situations
Benefits of choosing to live tobacco free
to never start
Best way to avoid the negative consequences of tobacco use is ...
Surround yourself with positive influences
Reduce peer pressure
Be prepared with refusal skills
Strategies to help you stick to your decision to become and stay tobacco free
False
True or False. Tobacco use can not lead to other risky behaviors
Begin to have health problems
Desire, will, and commitment to stop
Cost
Using tobacco can lead to other risky behaviors
Find it difficult to purchase tobacco products because of age
Don't want to hurt family/friends with secondhand smoke
Do not want to ha
Reasons why people quit tobacco use
yes
is nicotine withdrawal temporary?
Nicotine substitute
To relieve symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, some people use a ____
gum, Patches, Nasal sprays, Inhalers
Types of nicotine substitutes
Prepare for the day
Get support and encouragement
Identify available health-related services in the community
Replace tobacco use with healthier alternatives
Change daily behavior
Engage in healthful behaviors
Tips for quitting tobacco use
True
True or False. Tobacco smoke can harm nonsmokers
Sidestream smoke
Which is more dangerous mainstream smoke or sidestream smoke?
It has higher concentrations of carcinogens, nicotine, and tar.
Why is sidestream smoke more dangerous than mainstream smoke?
4,000; 50
Environmental tobacco smoke from cigarettes, pipes, and cigars contains more than ______ different chemical compounds (more than ____ are carcinogens)
carcinogens
Inhaling ETS (either by smoking or breathing it in), brings the ________ into the body
asthma
Infants/young children are more likely to develop ______ than those not exposed to ETS.
3,000
Every year, _____ people are diagnosed with lung cancer from secondhand smoke
Eye irritation, headaches, ear infections, coughing, worsening of asthma
symptoms ETS causes
impaired fetal growth, miscarriage, pre-natal death, premature delivery, low birth weight, deformities, and stillbirths
Smoking during pregnancy increases the risks of _________
Nicotine passes though the placenta, constricting the blood vessels of the fetus. Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen levels in the mother's and fetus's blood.
What happens when you smoke while pregnant?
True
True or False. Infant can suffer from growth and developmental problems during early childhood, if the mother smoked during pregnancy.
sudden infant death syndrome
Babies of mothers who smoked during pregnancy or exposed to ETS are more likely to die of _______ (SIDS).
two
Infants exposed to ETS after birth are how many times more likely to die of SIDS
severe asthma attacks, ear infections, or respiratory tract infections
Exposure to ETS in infants can cause ___________
Young children
___________________ are also particularly sensitive to environmental tobacco smoke
False
True or False. Being the child of a smoker does not necessarily make you more likely to have poor health.
True
True or False. Children living with smokers are more likely to have weaker lungs than children of nonsmokers
Two
Children of smokers are how many times more likely to become a smoker as children of nonsmokers?
Encourage the family member to quit by telling them the health effects
Ask visitors to refrain from smoking inside.
If someone in your household smokes, open windows to allow fresh air to circulate, and request that certain rooms remain smoke free.
Consid
How can you take action to reduce the effects of ETS?
True
True or False. Certain states have successfully sued tobacco companies to recover the cost of treating tobacco-related diseases.
antismoking campaigns or to offset the medical costs related to tobacco use
The money won in lawful cases against tobacco is used for what?
Healthy People 2020
The Department of Health and Human Services has launched a program called ___________ to promote health and prevent disease nationwide.
To reduce the number of people who use tobacco and of deaths associated with tobacco use.
What is one of the important goals for our nation's health?
� Acetone - found in nail polish remover
� Acetic Acid - an ingredient in hair dye
� Ammonia - a common household cleaner
� Arsenic - used in rat poison
� Benzene - found in rubber cement
� Butane - used in lighter fluid
� Cadmium - active component in ba
List some chemicals found in tobacco smoke.
600
How many ingredients are in cigarettes?
7,000
When burned, cigarettes create more than how many chemicals?
69
At least how many chemicals found in cigarette smoke are known to cause cancer?