4000BC-3000BC Primitive Times
-Believed that illness/disease was caused by supernatural spirits and demons
-Tribal witch dr. treated illness with ceremonies to drive out spirits
-Herbs and plants were used as medicines
-Hole in skull (Trepanation) treated insanity, epilepsy, and heada
3000BC-300BC Ancient Egyptians
-Physicians were priests: Studied medicine and surgery
-Bloodletting and leeches were used to "open" clogged channels
-Used "Magic" and medicinal plants to treat disease
Average Life Span: 20-30 Years
1700 BC- AD 220 Ancient Chinese
-Religious Prohibited against dissection resulting in adequate knowledge of human body.
-Began the search for medical reasons for illness
-Used Moxibustion (Powdered substance placed on skin, burned to cause blister) to treat disease.
Average Life Span: 2
1200 BC- 200 BC Ancient Greeks
-Began modern medical science
-Hippocrates is called the Father of Medicine
-Aristotle founder of comparative anatomy
-Believed Illness is a result of Natural Causes
-Used Therapies *Massage, Art Therapy, & Herbal Treatment
-Stressed Diet & Cleanliness wa
753 BC- AD 410 Ancient Romans
-First to organize Medical Care
-Began public health and sanitation systems
-Diet, exercise, and medications were used to treat disease
Average Life Span: 25-35 Years
AD 400- AD 800 Dark Ages
-Emphasis was placed on saving the soul
-Study of medicine was prohibited
-Monks and priests provided custodial care for sick people
-Medications were mainly herbal mixtures
Average Life Span: 20-30 Years
AD 800 - AD 1400 Middle Ages
-Renewed interest in the medical practice of Greeks & Romans
-Physicians began to obtain knowledge at Medical Univ. (9th Century)
-Bubonic Plague (Black Death) killed 3/4 of Europe & Asia
-Arabs required physicians pass exams and obtain licenses
Average L
AD 1350 -AD1650 Renaissance
-Rebirth of the Science of Medicine
-Dissection of the body allowed a better understanding of anatomy and physiology
-Michelangelo & Vinci used dissection to draw better human body visual
Average Life Span: 30-40 Years
16th & 17th century
-Causes of disease were still not known, made many people die from infections and puerperal
Childbirth
fever
-William Harvey described the circulation of blood to and from the heart in 1628
-Anton Van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope in 1666
Average Li
18th Century
Gabriel Fahrenheit 1686-1736 created the first mercury thermometer in 1714
-Joseph Priestley discovered elements oxygen 1774
-Tube Feeding (John Hunter) 1778
-B. Franklin invented bifocals for glasses
-James Lined prescribe lime juice to prevent scurvy in
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
Created a vaccine for rabies in 1885
Clara Barton (1821-1912)
Founded the American Red Cross in 1881
Wilhelm Roentgen (1845-1923)
Discovered Roentgenograms (X-Rays) in 1895
Florence Nightingale (1820-1910)
Known as Founder of Modern Nursing
Birth Control Pills
were approved by the FDA in 1960
Sir Alexander Fleming (1881-1955)
discovered Penicillin in 1928
Benjamin Carson
Famous for surgeries to separate conjoined twins
Geriatric Care
Care for the elderly
Telemedicine
the delivery of health care over telecommunications lines
Holistic health Care
care that promotes physical, emotional, social, intellectual, and spiritual well-being by treating the whole body, mind, and spirit.
Elizabeth Blackwell (1821-1910)
First female physician in the U.S. in 1849
Rene Laennec (1781-1826)
-Invented the Stethoscope in 1819
*Was made out of wood
Jonas Salk & Albert Sabin
invented the Polio Vaccine
Francis Crick
James watson
Described the structure of DNA
Sigmund Freud
His studies were the basis for psychology and psychiatry
Robert Koch
Developed culture plate method to identify pathogens
Joseph Lister (1827-1912)
1st Doctor to use antiseptic during surgery
Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736)
Created the first Mercury Thermometer in 1714
Gabriel Fallopius (1523-1562)
identified the fallopian tubes in women, described the tympanic membrane in the ear
Bartolomeo Eustachio
identified the eustachian tube leading from the ear to the throat
Ambroise Pare (1510-1590)
A French Surgeon known as the "Father of Modern Surgery"
-use of ligatures to bind arteries and stop bleeding
-eliminated use of boiling oil to cauterize wounds
Dimitri Ivanofski
Discovered Viruses in 1892
Almroth Wright
Developed the vaccine for typhoid fever in 1897
Gregory Mendel (1822-1884)
Established the principals of heredity and dominant/recessive patterns
Walter Reed
Demonstrated that mosquitoes carried Yellow Fever in 1900
Carl Landsteiner
Classified the ABO blood groups in 1901
Dr. William DeVries
Implanted the first artificial heart, the Jarvik-7, in 1982
Thomas Starzl
Performed the first liver transplant in 1963
James Hardy
Performed the first lung transplant in 1964
Joseph Murray
Performed the first successful Kidney transplant in humans in 1954