nutritional status
state or condition of one's nutrition
hypertension
high blood pressure
malnutrition
state of poor nutrition caused by diet or illness
carbohydrates
commonly called starches or sugars, major source of energy
cholesterol
fatty substance found in body cells and animal fats
protein
essential nutrients that build and repair tissue and provide heat or energy
digestion
process of breaking down food into smaller parts and changing it chemically
absorption
process where blood capillaries pick up digested nutrients
anorexia
loss of appetite
therapeutic diet
modifications of normal diet to improve specific health conditions
Four immediate effects of good nutrition
healthy appearance, well developed body, good attitude, high energy level, proper sleep and body habits
osteoporosis
a condition in which bones become porous and break easily
cellulose
fibrous indigestible for of carbohydrate that provides bulk in the digestive tract
Four functions of fat
cushions organs and bones, aid in absorption of fat soluble vitamins, provide flavor to meals, maintain body temperature by providing insulation
saturated fats description
solid at room temperature
unsaturated fats description
soft or oily at room temperature
Four examples of saturated fats
eggs, whole milk, cream, butter
Four examples of polyunsaturated fats
vegetable oil, margarines, products made with vegetable oils, fish, peanuts
Three functions of proteins
build and repair tissues, help produce antibodies, and provide heat and energy
complete proteins
contain nine amino acids essential to life
incomplete proteins
contain any of the remaining amino acids out of the twenty two and some combination of some of the nine.
water-soluble vitamins
vitamins that dissolve in water and are easily destroyed by cooking, air, and light
fat-soluble vitamins
vitamins that dissolve in fat and are not easily destroyed by cooking, aire, and light
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
aids in wound healing
Vitamin K
normal clotting of the blood
Vitamin B (12) (cobalamin)
production of healthy red blood cells and metabolism of proteins
Vitamin D (calciferol)
builds and maintains bone and teeth
Riboflavin (B2)
healthy mouth tissues and eyes
Vitamin A (Retinol)
structure and function of cells of skin and mucous membrane
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
protection of cell structure, especially red blood cells
Pyridoxine (B6)
production of antibodies
Iron (Fe)
formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells
Potassium (K)
regular heart rhythm
Calcium (Ca)
clotting of the blood
Iodine (I)
formation of hormones in thyroid gland
Fluorine (F)
develop and maintain bones and teeth
Magnesium (Mg) and Sodium (Na)
healthy muscles and nerves
Chlorine (Cl)
formation of hydrochloric acid
Zinc (Zn)
component of enzymes and insulin
Four functions of water
essential for breaking down food, helps body tissues absorb nutrients, makes up most of the blood plasma and cytoplasm of cells, helps move waste material through the body
6-8
how many glasses of water should the average person drink per day?
digestion
the process of breaking down food into small parts
absorption
the process of absorbing nutrients into the circulatory system by lymph capillaries
kilocalories, calorie
the unit of measurement used to measure the amount of eat produced during metabolism
Four factors that cause calorie requirements to vary from person to person
activity, age, size, sex, physical condition, climate
an individual who wants to lose weight shoulds increase__________ and decrease_________________________
activity, caloric intake
What does BMI measure?
measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat
underweight
a body weight that is 10 to 15 percent below the desired weight
overweight
a body weight that is 10 to 20 percent above the average recommended weight
obesity
a body weight that is 20 percent or more above the average recommended weight
Soft diet foods to avoid
meat, fried food, coarse cereal, nuts
Diabetic diet foods to avoid
syrup, jam, honey, chewing gum
Low calorie diet foods to avoid
whole milk, cream, butter, alcohol
High calorie diet foods to avoid
watermelon, salads, fibrous fruit, cheese cake
Low-cholesterol diet foods to avoid
beef, pork, liver, lamb
Fat-restricted diet foods to avoid
cream, cheese, whole milk, nuts
Sodium-restricted diet foods to avoid
salt, pickles, smoked meat, sauerkraut
Low-protein diet foods to avoid
meat, milk, fish, cheese, eggs
Bland diet foods to avoid
fried foods, pastries, candies, raw fruits
Low-residue diet foods to avoid
raw fruit, raw vegetables, nuts, seeds
Clear liquid diet foods allowed
ginger ale, apple juice, plain gelatin, grape juice