What is public health as C.E.A. Winslow defined it?
the science and art of preventing disease and prolonging life; promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment; the education of individual principles of personal hygiene; the organization
Define public health.
Organized community efforts to ensure conditions in which people can be healthy; activities that society undertakes to prevent, identify, and counter threats to the health of the public
Public Health vs. Medical Care Perspectives
- Public Health Perspectives
the patient is the community; the goal of public health is to prevent disease and disability; public health diagnoses the health of the community using public health sciences; treatment of a community involves new policies and interventions; only 3% of th
Public Health vs. Medical Care Perspectives
- Medical Care Perspectives
the patient is the individual; the goal of medicine is to cure; life expectancy of Americans has increased by 30 years over the 20th century, and only 5 of the 30 years are attributed to modern medicine
What are the 6 public health disciplines?
epidemiology, statistics, biomedical sciences, environmental health science, social and behavioral sciences, and health policy and management
Define epidemiology as a public health discipline.
the basic study of public health
Define statstics as a public health discipline.
used to calculate risks and benefits
Define biomedical sciences as a public health discipline.
important to understanding control of new diseases and noninfectious diseases
Define environmental health science as a public health discipline.
health is affected by exposure to environmental factors like air quality, water quality, solid and hazardous wastes, safe food and drugs, and environmental change
Define social and behavioral sciences as a public health discipline.
social environment affects people's behavior and it is now a leading concern of factors that affect people's health
Define health policy and management as a public health discipline.
examines the role of medical care in public health
What are the 5 steps of the public health approach?
define the health problem, identify risk factors associated with the problem, develop and test community-level interventions to control or prevent the cause of the problem, implement interventions to improve the health of the population and monitor interv
Levels of prevention.
primary, secondary and tertiary
Define the primary level of prevention.
prevention through preventing exposure to risk factors
Define the secondary level of prevention.
minimizes the severity once the event has occurred
Define the tertiary level of prevention.
seeks to minimize disability by providing care and service
Prevention is accomplished by _______________ any step of the chain of causation.
interrupting
Causation model of prevention/intervention 3 factors
agent, host, environment
Causation model: agent
disease-causing bacterium or virus
Causation model: host
susceptible human being
Causation model: environment
includes the means of transmission by which the agent reaches the host
What are the 9 phases of the Precede-Procede Framework model of prevention/intervention?
social assessment, epidemiologic assessment, behavioral and ecological assessment, administrative policy assessment, implementation, process evaluation, impact evaluation and outcome evaluation