Fracture
Break in a bone
Dislocation
End of a bone is displaced from a joint or moved out of its normal position within a joint
Sprain
Injury to the tissues surrounding a joint
Strain
Over stretching of a muscle
What is the difference between a compound and simple fracture?
Compound fracture is an open wound caused by a break in the skin and simple fracture is not accompanied by an open wound
List 6 S&S of a fracture
Deformity, limited motion or loss of motion, swelling and discoloration, protrusion of bone ends through the skin, victim heard a break or a snap, pain and tenderness at the fracture site
Treatment for fractures is directed at maintaining ( ), treating ( ), keeping the broken bone from ( ), and preventing further ( )
Respirations, shock, moving, injury
List 4 signs and symptoms of a dislocation
Deformity, limited or abnormal movement, swelling, discoloration
Why is movement of the injured part dangerous when a dislocation has occurred?
Movement of the injured part can lead to additional injury to nerves, blood vessels, and other tissue in the area
List 4 S&S of a sprain
Swelling, pain, discoloration, impaired motion
List 3 first aid treatments for a sprain
Apply a cold application to decrease swelling and pain, elevate the affected part, encourage the victim to rest the affected part
Why are cold applications used to treat a sprain or strain?
To reduce swelling
Why are warm applications used to treat a strain?
The warmth helps relax the muscles
List 6 different types of materials that can be used for splints
Cardboards, blankets, newspaper, pillows, wood, boards
List 3 basic principles that should be followed when splints are applied
Splints should be padded, must be applied so they don't put pressure directly over the site of injury, long enough to immobilize the joints above and below the injured area
How can you test that an air splint is inflated properly?
Use a thumb to apply slight pressure to the sprain; and indentation mark should result
Why should the hand be positioned higher than the elbow when a sling is applied?
The purpose of elevating the hands is to promote circulation, prevent edema, and decrease pain
List 4 points you should check to make sure circulation is not impaired after a splint or sling has been applied
Skin temp, skin color, swelling/edema, numbness/tingling, pulse
Why is it best to avoid moving any victim who has a neck or spinal injury?
Permanent damage result in paralysis can occur