STD
sexually transmitted disease-Infectious diseases that spread from person to person through intimate contact
Can some STDs be spread without intimate contact?
yes, Some STDs are spread through skin to skin contact with an infected area or sore
Can STDs be cured?
BACTERIAL STDs can be cured WITH antibiotics
What happens if STDs aren't detected early?
if left untreated too long these STDs can cause serious damage to the body
List of the bacterial STDs:
Chlamydia
pelvic inflammatory disease
gonorrhea
syphilis
Chlamydia
STD that is caused by a bacterium that infects the reproductive organs and that causes a mucous discharge
What age group has the highest rate of Chlamydia?
15-19 year olds
Symptoms of Chlamydia:
OFTEN NONE, but sometimes:
Females: pain during urination, vaginal discharge or bleeding, and pelvic pain
Males: pain during urination and discharge from penis
Treatment for Chlamydia:
Both partners take antibiotics at the same time
What happens if Chlamydia is left untreated?
Females- infertility, pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancies, PID
Males - can injure reproductive organs
Swollen and tender testicles
Infants of infected mothers - illness, blindness
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Inflammation of the upper female reproductive tract caused by the migration of a bacterial infection from the vagina-often a symptom of other STDs
Symptoms of PID
Pain in pelvic area or abdomen
Vaginal discharge
Unusually long and painful menstrual periods
Spotting between periods
Fever
Painful urination
nausea
Treatment for PID
antibiotics-doesn't repair damage that's already been done, so in some cases may need surgery
If PID is left untreated:
scars in fallopian tubes or uterus that can lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancies, chronic pelvic pain
Gonorrhea
STD caused by a bacterium that infects mucous membranes, including genital mucous membranes and can be passed to infants during child birth
Symptoms of Gonorrhea
Females: often no obvious symptoms, pain during urination, vaginal discharge or bleeding, pain in the abdomen in pelvic area
Males: pain during urination, discharge from the penis
Treatment for Gonorrhea
Both partners take antibiotics at the same time, but gonorrhea is becoming more difficult to treat because the bacteria that causes it has become more resistant to antibiotics
If Gonorrhea is untreated:
Females: PID
Males: scarring of urethra which makes urination difficult, painful swelling of the testicles, which may lead to infertility
Newborns of infected mothers: blindness, joint infection, life-threatening blood infections
Syphilis
STD caused by a bacterium that can cause ulcers or chancres
Symptoms of Syphilis:
Phase 1 (10-90 days after infection): painless ulcer, called a chancre at the place where the bacteria entered the body
Phase 2 (2-8 weeks after infection): fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes, joint pain, muscle aches
Phase 3 (2 or more years after infection): heart and nervous system damage, including blindness and loss of mental abilities, possible death
Treatment for Syphilis:
both partners take antibiotics at the same time, if treated in early stages syphilis can be cured
If Syphilis is untreated:
Males and Females: mental and physical disabilities, premature death
Infants of infected mothers: premature birth, severe mental disabilities, deafness, death
Viral STDs
The symptoms of many viral STDs can be treated with drugs, but the actual virus can not be cured
List of Viral STDs
HPV
Genital Herpes
Hepatitis
HIV
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
STD caused by a group of viruses that can cause genital warts in a males and females and cervical cancer in females
Symptoms of HPV
there are often none,
Female: genital and anal warts (pink or reddish warts that appear on the genitals), abnormal pap smear ( a screening test for cervical cancer)
Males: genital and anal warts
Treatment of HPV
there is no cure, warts can be treated by surgical removal, freezing, or medication but will often return
If HPV is left untreated:
Females: women have a higher risk of developing cervical cancer with certain types of HPV
Males: Men have an increased risk of developing genital cancers
Genital Herpes
STD caused by a viral infection in the genital area
Caused by Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
2 types - HSV-1 and HSV-2, HSV-2 is more common
Can genital herpes be passed down to a new born?
Can be passed to newborn infants if mother has genital sores at time of delivery
Symptoms of Genital Herpes
HSV-1: cold sores and fever blisters around the mouth
HSV-2: very mild symptoms or no symptoms, red bumps, blisters and recurrent sores on or around the genitals, fever with first infection, swollen lymph nodes
Treatment for Genital Herpes:
There is no cure, but antiviral medications can shorten outbreaks and reduce their frequency
If genital herpes is left untreated:
an infected person remains infected for life
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver-Two different viruses cause Hepatitis B and C, which can be sexually transmitted
Symptoms of Hepatitis:
jaundice, tiredness and muscle aches, fever, loss of appetite, darkening of urine
Treatment for Hepatitis:
There is no cure for hepatitis B or C
Individuals with sever liver damage may need a liver transplant
A vaccine is available to prevent hepatitis B, there is no vaccine for hepatitis C
If hepatitis is left untreated:
Liver damage
Liver failure
Liver cancer
Premature death
Human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV)
Virus that infects the cells of the immune system and causes AIDS
Passed by exchange of body fluids like blood, semen, vaginal fluid, or breast milk
Symptoms of HIV
Phase 1: fatigue, weight loss, fever, diarrhea
Phase 2: Phase 1 symptoms, swollen lymph nodes, forgetfulness, difficulty thinking
Phase 3: AIDS, weakened immune system, infections, weight loss
Treatment for HIV
There is no cure, but there are a combination of drugs that can delay the start of serious symptoms
If HIV is left untreated:
Weight loss
Malnutrition
Loss of mobility
Opportunistic infections (ex: pneumonia and tuberculosis)
Cancer
Premature death
STDs caused by parasites
Pubic Lice
Scabies
Trichomoniasis
Public lice
Strain of lice found in pubic hair of those infected
The lice crawl on the skin and lay eggs on the hairs
Spread through skin to skin contact
symptoms of public lice and scabies:
Intense itching in the pubic area/infected area (for scabies)
Treatment for public lice and scabies
Medication can kill the lice
Infected individuals must wash clothes and bed linens in hot water to kill any remaining lice and their eggs
If untreated skin damage can occur
scabies
Tiny mites that burrow into the skin of an infected person, spread through skin to skin contact
Trichomoniasis
STD caused by a protozoan, a single-celled animal that is just a little larger than a bacterium
Symptoms of Trichomoniasis
Males-no symptoms
Females-itching in genital area, discharge from the vagina, painful urination
treatment for Trichomoniasis
Can be cured with a prescribed medicine
if Trichomoniasis is left untreated:
females: bladder and urethral infections, premature birth in pregnant women
males: inflamed urethra