Industrial Revolution
The transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation
Industrialization
The development of industry on an extensive scale
Rural-to-urban migrations
People are drawn in to cities for opportunities; driven by poverty and hope
to do better
Modernization
making modern in appearance or behavior
Working Class
a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages
Enclosure Movement
The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger
farms in England during the eighteenth century.
Assembly Line
mechanical system in a factory whereby an article is conveyed through sites at which successive operations are performed on it
Steam Engine
external-combustion engine in which heat is used to raise steam which either turns a turbine or forces a piston to move up and down in a cylinder
Command Economy
An economic system in which the government controls a country's economy.
Urbanization
the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban
Middle Class
the social class between the lower and upper classes
Free Enterprise
an economy that relies chiefly on market forces to allocate goods and resources and to determine prices
Social Darwinism
The application of ideas about evolution and survival of the fittest to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.
Globalization
growth to a global or worldwide scale
Reform
a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses
Pull Factor
factor such as freedom or employment opportunities that attract a person to a country
Push Factor
factor, such as unemployment or the lack of freedom of speech, that makes people want to leave their country and move to another one