allele
one of a number of different forms of a gene
chromosome
a threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order
di-hybrid cross
cross between two organisms that are hybrid for two traits
dominant
trait that will show up in an organism's phenotype if gene is present
F1 generation
the first offspring from a cross of two varieties in the parental (P) generation
F2 generation
the second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of the parental generation; the offspring of the F1 generation
co-dominant
when both phenotypes appear in heterozygous individuals
gene
one set of instructions for an inherited trait
heterozygous
when dominant and recessive genes are present
homozygous
when only one type of genes are present
hybrid
obtained from a dominant pure and dominant recessive cross; heterozygous
mono-hybrid cross
cross between two organisms that are hybrid for one trait
single trait cross
a cross in which one trait is tracked; 2 x 2 Punnet Square
phenotype
the physical appearance of an organism based on the genotype (genes)
pure
obtained from a cross with hybrid organisms; homozygous
recessive
the gene that is covered up by the dominant allele and does not show in the phenotype if a dominant allele is present
test cross
the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
trait
a distinguishing feature of your personal nature
gametes
sex cells; carry genetic information
roan
the result of a co-dominant cross; both parental phenotypes appear
incomplete dominant
when the parental phenotypes mix to create a new phenotype
multiple allele series
an inheritance pattern in which a gene has more than two alleles and is controlled by at least 3 alleles
Ex. human A,B,O blood system
immunoglobulin
another name for an antibody, referring to blood
Rh protein
a protein that determines whether a person is blood type + or -; those that carry it are + and those that do not are -
genotype
an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations