alveolus (plural:alveoli)
air sac in the lung
bronchioles
smallest branches of the bronchi. terminal bronchioles lead to
alveolar ducts
bronchus (plural: bronchi)
branchof the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung;
bronchial tube
diaphragm
muscle separating the chest and abdomen. it contracts to pull air
into the lungs and relaxes to push air out.
epiglottis
lid like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food
from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing
expiration
breathing out (exhalation)
glottis
slit like opening to the larynx
inspiration
breathing in (inhalation)
larynx
voice box; containing the vocal cords
pharynx
throat;including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
pleura
double layered membrane surrounding each lung
respiration
process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing
trachea
windpipe
pulmonary resections.
wedge resection,
a. removal of a small, localized area of diseased tissue near the
surface of the lung.
segmental resection
b, the removal of a bronchiole and its alveoli
lobectomy
c, the removal of an entire lobe of the lung.
pneumonectomy
d, the removal of an entire lung
auscultation
listening to sounds within the body w/ stethoscope
percussion
tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of
the underlying structure
rales (crackles)
fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when
there is fluid in the alveoli
sputum
material expelled from the bronchi
stridor
strained, high pitched sound heard on inspiration
wheezes
continuous high pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing
coup
acute viral infection of infants and children
epistaxis
nosebleed
pertussis
whooping cough;highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx,
larynx, and trachea
asthma
chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due
to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production
bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection
chronic bronchitis
inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic
obstructive disease COPD
cystic fibrosis CF
inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous
secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally
atelectasis
collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli
emphysema
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
lung cancer
malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi
pneumoconiosis
abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic
inflammation, infection, and bronchitis
anthracosis
coal (anhrac/o) dust (black lung disease)
asbestosis
asbestos (asbest/o) particles ( in shipbuilding and construction trades)
silicosis
silica (silic/o =rocks) or glass (grinder's disease)
pneumonia
acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fills with pus or
product of the inflammatory reaction
pulmonary abscess
large collection of pus in the lungs
pulmonary edema
fluid in the air sacs and brochioles
pulmonary embolism PE
clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
tuberculosis TB
infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs
usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected
pleural effusion
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
pleurisy / pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura
pneumothorax
collection of air in the pleural space
anthracosis
coal dust accumulates in the lungs
asbestosis
asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD
obstruction of air flow
caused by smoking, air pollution, chronic infection and in minority
cases asthma
palliative
relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease
paroxysmal
pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as spasm or seizure; oxysm/ o
means sudden
silicosis
disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs; occurs in mining occupations
chest x-rays CXR
radiographic image of the thoracic cavity
computed tomography CT scan of the chest
computer- generated series of x-rays images show thoracic structures
in cross section and other planes
magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the chest
magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal,
lateral , and cross-sectional planes
bronchoscopy
endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes
laryngoscopy
visual examination of the voice box
lung biopsy
removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination
thoracentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space
thoracotomy
incision of the chest
tracheostomy
surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck
tube thoracostomy
a flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space
through an opening in the chest
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CXR
chest x-ray
ICU
intensive care unit
PE
pulmonary embolism
SOB
shortness of breath
URI
upper respiratory infection