Apex
points inferiorly toward the left hip
Pericardium
doubled-walled sac that encloses the heart
Epicardium
Visceral layer of the serous pericardium, integral
part of the heat wall
Myocardium
middle layer of heart wall, composed mainly of cardiac
muscle, the layer that contracts
Endocardium
Endothelial membrane that lines the interior
of the heart
Atria
Two superior chambers
Ventricle
Two inferior chambers
Interventricular Septum
separates the ventricles
Pulmonary Circulation
The blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs
AV Valves
Prevents backflow into the atrium when the connected
ventricles contract
Chordae Tendineae
tiny white collagen cords attach each AV valve,
anchor the cusps to the papillary muscles. Serve as guide wire
Semilunar Valves (SL Valves)
Valves that prevent blood return to the VENTRICLES
after contraction
Systemic Circulation
blood vessels that carry blood to and from all body tissues
Cardiac Cycle
Includes ALL events associated with the
blood flow through the heart during one complete heartbeat
Stroke Volume
Volume of blood pumped out by one
ventricle with each beat
Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)
small cells flattened discs with depressed
centers Blood viscosity
Systolic Pressure
Pressure peak generated by
ventricular contraction
Averages: 120 mm HG
Diastolic Pressure
Aortic pressure drops to its lowest level
Average: 70-80 mm HG
Cardiac Output (CO)
Amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one minute
Arteries
Blood vessels that conduct blood away from the heart and into
the circulation
Capillaries
Smallest of the blood vessels and the sites of exchange
between the blood and tissue cells
Veins
Blood vessels that return blood toward the heart from the circulation