comets
...
Eroision of material and uplift of crust?
Isostatic rebound
Erogeny
Formation of mountains
Where do accretionary wedges form
At the edge of overriding plate
What is the dominant type of volcanism at subduction zones?
Andesitic volcanism
Since partial melting of basalt (mafic) makes intermediate material
where two continents collide and preserve oceanic crust
suture zone
4 parts of subduction zone
Trench
Forarch
Back arch
Volcanic arch
What can cause earthquakes to occur
Fault movements
Volcanic eruptions of magma
Land slides
Human activity
How can tsunamis be generated
Earthquakes
Volcano explosions
Land slide
What are the three type of waves in earthquakes in order of arrival
P wave
S wave
Surface wave
Why is moment scale important
Measure energy released which is proportional to area of rupture
Focus
rock slippage originates in the ground
Epicenter
the point on the ground surface directly above the focus
P wave shadow zome
104-140
S wave shadow zone
104-180
Where is does air rise in sea breeze
movement of air from land to sea at night, created when cooler, denser air from land forces up warmer air over the sea.
Where does air rise in land breeze
movment of air from sea to land during the day when cooler air from above the water moves over the land, forcing the heated, less dense air above the land to rise.
What is the Coriolis effect
Wind and water move faster near equator due to earth movement
Coriolis effect in north
Goes right
Coriolis effect in south
Goes left
Barchan and p
Crescent shaped dunes
Long ridged dunes perpendicular to direction of wind
Transverse
Longtiudinal
Long ridged dunes parallel to direction of wind
4 constituents of clean air
Nitrogen
Oxygen
CO2
Argon
6 main greenhouse gases
W C M NO Tr C
Wind
CO2
Methane
Nitrogen oxide
Tropospheric ozone
CFC chlorophobic carbon
Snowline
Altitude at which snow doesnt melt in summer
2 ways of of glacier flow movement
Basal slip
Plastic flow
Downhill
Glacier Accumulation greater
Uphill
Glacier Wastage greater
Where does plastic flow flow fastes
Top middle
( a bowl-shaped depression) is typically found at the head of a glacial valley
Cirque
a sharp-edged ridge or jagged crest between to cirques.
Arete
Movement of water offshore along the coast
Longshore current
Sand spit
Moves in direction with longshore
Cause of tides
Gravity
3 things that affect height of wave
Wind speed
Wind duration
Fetch: distance x area
4 things that affect how minerals weather
Strength of bonds
Type of minerals
Temp minerals are formed
Crystallises early or late
What is the distribution of karst
Soluble material near surface limestone, gypsum rock salt
Gravity
Mass wasting movement caused by
Surface tension greatest in sand
When damp
When roots vegetation is removed mass wasting....
Increases
Angle of repose
Steepest angle at which grains remain stable
Divide
The imaginary line separating one basin from another.
Highest point of land between basins
Layers of the atmosphere
Troposphere
Stratosphere ozone
Mesosphere
Thermosphere, Exosphere
form when sediment-filled streams enter a large body of water.
Delta
Competence stream
Biggest material in can carry
Capacity stream
How much total material it can carry
Types of loads in streams
Dissolved load
Bead load
Suspended load
River with largest discharge
Amazon
Discharge
the volume of water flowing past a certain point in a given unit of time.
Drainage pattern
Dendritic tree
Radial volcanoes
Inflitration
Ground absorbs water
Largest reservoir of water
Ocean
Largest reservoir of fresh water
Glaciers
Ground water
Permeability
How well connected pores are
Porosity
How much volume is open space
Aquifier that supplies fresh water to miami dade county
Biscayne
Aerosoles
Liquid particles
For a rock to be an ore
Profitable
Main material for cement and concrete
Limestone
Main method of electricity USA
Natural gas
3 mineral in FL
Calcite
Titanium
Phosphates
Burning fossil fuels releases energy from
Photosynthesis
4 types of oil traps
Anticline
Faults
Basalt dune
Sitgraphic
Larger traps oil
Imoermeable
Composition
The Difference between inner and outer planet
Asteroid belt location
Between mars and 2222
Comet orbit shapes
Elliptical
Ice
Comet composition
Largest known volcano
Mount olympus in mars
Jupiter
Largest not desnest
Accretionary wedge
the accumulated sediments and scraped upper crust of the sub ducting plate plastered against the edge of the overriding plates.
Accretionary wedge
forms at the edge of the overriding plate
appellations form
paleozoic era
Orogenesis
the process that collectively produces a mountain belt.
volcanism
dominated by andesitic/intermediate pyroclastics and lavas.
Cordilleran-type mountain building (Terranes)
the collision and accretion of small silvers of continental crust form the mountainous regions that rim the pacific.
crustal fragments of exotic material and make up much of the western united states
Distributaries
The main channel divides into several smaller channels in the delta.
Bed Load
rolls, slides, and bounces (SALTATION) along bottom.
Dendritic
develops on relatively uniform surface materials ( Most Common)
Radial
develops on isolated volcanic cones or domes ( Structurally Controlled)
Outside of Meander
(CUT BANK) a zone of active erosion
Inside of Meander
(POINT BAR) a zone of deposition
rust
oxidation
Mass wasting
Nature of minerals,
the role of water,
overstepping of slopes,
removal of anchoring vegetation.
creep
the gradual movement of soil and regolith downhill
creep
freezing and thawling
clay expands when wet and shrinks when dry
Stalactites
Hanging from the ceiling
Stalagmites
form on the floor of cavern
Most common rock formed in caves by dissolution
Limestone
Glacier budget
Glacier budget - (GLACIER ALWAYS FLOWS DOWN) the balance, or lack of balance, between accumulation and loss of ice
basal flip
involves movement within the ice, under pressure, ice behaves as a plastic material.
plastic flow
involves movement within the ice, under pressure, ice behaves as a plastic material.
spring tides
occur during new and full moons (gravational forces of the moon and sun are added together.) largest daily tidal range
neaptides
occur during the first and third quarters of the moon (gravatinal forces of the moon and sun are offset or subtract from each other, destructive interference). Daily tidal range is least.
perma frost
frozen layer at variable depth below the surface in frigid regions of a planet (such as earth)
lateral
an accumulation of debris on the side of the glacial till
if all the ice would melt how many meters would rise
65 meters
if an ice block as big as texas melted
no rise
an area experinces a high tide whe the moon is?
directly overhead or directly beneath you
From the temperate zone direct wind blows
form the west
From the the tropice zone direct wind blows
from the east
Saltation
Bouncing mode of sand
el nino
warm all across the pacific
la nina
warm one side and cold another
rust
oxidation
rain shadow
lack of precipitation on the leeward side of the mountain
monsoons
seasonal reversal of the wind
Volcanic eruption produces
short term cooling
real cause of global warming
increasing human population
Desert pavement
A sheet-like surface of pebbles on the desert floor.
s wave
shear wave
which layer of the earth does not transmit s waves?
liquid outer core
p wave
compression wave
basin and range province
normal faults, crustal extension, and brittle failure of upper crust
base of the food chain
bacteria
why does the elevation of the seafloor decrease from the mid-ocean ridge to abyssal plain.
the oceanic lithosphere cools and becomes denser.
a hot spot forms a linear island chain because?
the plate moves relative to the underlying hot spot
real cause of global warming
increasing human population
form when vegetation partially covers the sand
parabolic
sedimentary deposit of windblown silt (very fine grained) from a dust cloud.
loess
deflation
the lifting and removal of loose material
bouncing mode of sand
saltation
Medial moraine
created when two alpine of glaciers converge
vein
Hot, metal - fluids migrate through cracks ( faults, joints and cavities) in the rock before eventually depositing the metals (precipitation) VISIBLE DEPOSITS.
Disseminated deposits
instead of being concentrated in narrow veins, disseminated deposits are distributed as small masses throughout the entire rock. ( NOT VISIBLE)
Factors that least influence infiltration capacity?
Ambient temp
Stream below water table
gains water
Stream above water table
loses water
Saturated zone
a zone where all of the pore spaces are completely filled with water
Unsaturated zone
(vadose zone) is the area above the zone of saturation.
Water table
Boundary between unsaturated zone and zone of saturation.
Agricultural
Most pumped water in the united states is used for irrigation
Cone depression
configuration (shape) of the water table around a pumping well
Glacier budget
(GLACIER ALWAYS FLOWS DOWN) the balance, or lack of balance, between accumulation and loss of ice
basin and providence
Nevada being stretched east to west 20 million years ago.
crustal extension
normal faults, brittle failure
which tide has the highest range between high and low?
spring tide
least difference between high and low tide
knee and seasons
aside from limestone which rock can produce karsterrain
evaporites
Dendritic
develops along the surface of homogeneous horizontal bedrock (rock made of similar resistance). Tributaries do not follow a specific direction. Looks like tree branches or nerve dendrites.
Radial
develops around a central elevated point such as a mountain or volcano peak, and runs down all sides uniformly. Looks like bicycle spokes.
aquifer
a layer that transmits ground water
if u had shadow and intermediate deep earthquakes
subduction zone closer to the trench
if u had a shallow earthquake at the north pole
p waves
layer of earth that does not transmit s waves
liquid outer core
dessert pavement
Removal of fine material leaves a thin surface layer of stones and gravel
lateral moraines form
at the sides of glacier
medial moraines
to later combines to middle
long shore current
bleach
how does a particlemove as a wave passive
vertical circular
waves come down in angle
wave refraction
diurnal
1 high one low
semi diurnal
2 highs 2 lows
which type of current occurs on an outgoing tide
bed tide
which type of ccurent occurs on incoming tide
flood tide
tidal pattern in miami
semi-diurnal
iron meteorites
Sold chunks of iron and nickel; 66% of finds, 6% of falls.
tail forms
forms from the heating of the sun