Joints

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gliding joint

type of synovial joint which allows the bones to past one another eg. between the carples

hinge joint

type of synovial joint which is formed between two or more bones where the bones can only move along the axis to flex or extend eg. elbow and knee

pivot joint

type of synovial joint where the axis of a convex articular surface is parallel with the longitudinal axis of the bone eg. neck

condyloid joint

oval shaped bone that fits into an elliptical cavity. eg. wrist

saddle joint

Where one bone forming the joint is shaped like a saddle with the other bone resting on it. eg. hand

ball and socket

which the the ball-shaped surface of one round bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone eg. shoulder/hip

Flexion

movement at the joint which decreases between the two bones

Extension

opposite of flexion, movement at the increasing the angle of the two bones

hyperextension/ hyperflexion

makes the joint go beyond the normal range

circumduction

circular movement of a limb at the far end

rotation

rotating an arm. Example arm or your head

skeletal muscle

voluntary, pulls on bones. e.g the bicep

cardiac muscle

forms most of the heart. involuntary movement

smooth muscle

makes up the organs of our body, involuntary movement

agonist

the contracting muscle. e.g bicep

antagonist

the relaxing muscle. e.g tricep

isotonic

isotonic contraction works when the muscle shortens and lengthens to produce movement

isotonic-concentric

during an isotonic contraction the muscle shortens. E.g the upwards phase of a bicep curl

isotonic-eccentric

the muscle lengths. e.g the downward phase of a bicep curl

isometric contraction-

the muscle remains the same length while developing tension. e.g a plank

Hyperextension

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