Phonetics chapter 8

Syllable Structure Process

typically causes the syllable structure to be more like the CVCV syllable pattern, follow strong- pattern

Final consonant deletion

Syllable Structure Process
removes word final consonants, to fit the CV syllable pattern.

Cluster reduction

Syllable Structure Process
deletes consonants from a consonant cluster, to fit the CV syllable pattern

Weak syllable deletion

Syllable Structure Process
removes unstressed syllables to fit the strong?weak pattern

Reduplication

Syllable Structure Process
replaces part of the word (usually an unstressed syllable) with a repetition of the other part of the word (usually a stressed syllable)

Substitution processes

involve systematic use of sounds that have been mastered for ones that have not yet been mastered or to produce more simple articulatory patterns

Stopping

Substitution processes
the change of a target fricative or affricate to a stop

Fronting

Substitution processes
the change of a target velar and/or palatal place of articulation to an alveolar place of articulation

Deaffrication

Substitution processes
the change of a target affricate to a fricative.

Gliding

Substitution processes
the substitution of a glide for a target liquid (/l/or /r/).

Vocalization

Substitution processes
the change of a target post?vocalic /l/, /r/or rhotic vowel to a non?rhotic vowel

Assimilatory processes

change a target phoneme to be more like a nearby phoneme.

Labial assimilation

Assimilatory processes
changing a non labial to a labial to match the place of articulation

Alveolar assimilation

Assimilatory processes
changing a non alveolar to a alveolar to match

Velar assimilation

Assimilatory processes
channging a non velar to velar to match

Pre?vocalic voicing

Assimilatory processes
the change of a target voiceless sound to a voiced sound before a vowel (to match voicing of vowel).

Final devoicing

Assimilatory processes
the change of a voiced sound to voiceless at the end of a word (to match silence at end).

Idiosyncratic Process

tend NOT to create CV patterns or follow normal order phonological acquisition

Glottal Replacement

Idiosyncratic Process
change of a target consonant to a glottal stop.

Initial consonant deletion

Idiosyncratic Process
involves the elision of word initial consonants (does NOT fit typical CV pattern)

Backing

Idiosyncratic Process
the change of a consonant that is normally produced farther forward in the mouth to a velar consonant

Stop replacing glide

Idiosyncratic Process
replacing a target /j/ or /w/ with a stop

Fricative replacing stop

Idiosyncratic Process
replacing a target stop with a fricative

cat, cap": target /k�t/, /k�p/-> /k�/

Final consonant deletion

brownie": target /bra?n?/ -> /ba?n?/

Cluster reduction

ba?nana": target /b??n�n?/ -> /?n�n?/

Weak syllable deletion

doggy": target /d?g?/ -> /d?d?/

Reduplication

juice": target /?us/-> /dus/

Stopping

cat": target /k�t/-> /t�t/

Fronting

choo?choo": target /?u?u/ -> /?u?u/

Deaffrication

blue": target /blu/ -> /bwu/

Gliding

pear" target /p?r/ -> /p??/

Vocalization

cup" target /k?p/->/??p/

Pre?vocalic voicing

bug": target /b?g/ ->/b?k/

Final devoicing

lip": target /l?p/->/??p/

Glottal Replacement

push": target /p??/-> /p?k/

Backing

cat": target [k�t] -> [�t]

Initial consonant deletion

yes": target [j?s]-> [d?s]

Stop replacing glide

poopoo": target [pupu]-> [fufu]

Fricative replacing stop

a function word

conveys primarily syntactic meaning

a content word

words such as nouns, most verbs, adjectives, and adverbs that refer to some object, action, or characteristic

What is Not a suprasegmental aspect of speech?

Assimilation

What are suprasegmental aspects of speech?

stress, intonation, timing/juncture

what is the best transcription of an extra long /d/

/d:/

what type of intonational phrase would be used for the last item on the list

fall

what type of intonational phrase would be used for a yes-no question

rise

stopping is an example of which type of phonological process

substitution

final devoicing is an example of which type of phonological process

assimilatory

backing is an example of which type of phonological process

idosyncratic

cluster reduction is an example of which type of phonological process

syllable structure

what is mastery

correct production of a phoneme more than 90%of the time in all contexts

what is customary production

correct production of a phoneme more than 50% of the time

T/F
children with phonological disorders may show processes that are different from those observed in typically developing children

true

T/F
children with phonological disorders may show some of the same phonological processes as typically developing children

true

T/F
children with phonological disorders never show the same phonological processes as typically developing children

false

T/F
children with phonological disorders may show phonological processes in some contexts but not in others

true

list the development of phonemes in order

non-diphthongs vowels
labial & alveolar
velar & palatal
nasal & stop
glides, fricatives, liquid, affricates

potato" pronounced /te?to?/ What is the phonological process

Weak syllable deletion

soak" pronounced /to?k/ What is the phonological process

stopping

butter" pronounced /b?t?/ What is the phonological process

vocalization

lake" pronounced /je?k/ What is the phonological process

gliding

Aspirated

[ ? ]

unaspirated

[ ? ]

unreleased stops

[ ? ]

Labialization

[ ? ]

Palatalization

[ j]

Nasalization

[ �]

nasal emission (aka nasal escape)

( ? )

lack of nasality

( ? )

Fronting

[ ?]

backing

[ ?]

Devoicing

[ ? ]

Voicing

[ ? ]

lateralization diacritic

[ ?]