Syllable Structure Process
typically causes the syllable structure to be more like the CVCV syllable pattern, follow strong- pattern
Final consonant deletion
Syllable Structure Process
removes word final consonants, to fit the CV syllable pattern.
Cluster reduction
Syllable Structure Process
deletes consonants from a consonant cluster, to fit the CV syllable pattern
Weak syllable deletion
Syllable Structure Process
removes unstressed syllables to fit the strong?weak pattern
Reduplication
Syllable Structure Process
replaces part of the word (usually an unstressed syllable) with a repetition of the other part of the word (usually a stressed syllable)
Substitution processes
involve systematic use of sounds that have been mastered for ones that have not yet been mastered or to produce more simple articulatory patterns
Stopping
Substitution processes
the change of a target fricative or affricate to a stop
Fronting
Substitution processes
the change of a target velar and/or palatal place of articulation to an alveolar place of articulation
Deaffrication
Substitution processes
the change of a target affricate to a fricative.
Gliding
Substitution processes
the substitution of a glide for a target liquid (/l/or /r/).
Vocalization
Substitution processes
the change of a target post?vocalic /l/, /r/or rhotic vowel to a non?rhotic vowel
Assimilatory processes
change a target phoneme to be more like a nearby phoneme.
Labial assimilation
Assimilatory processes
changing a non labial to a labial to match the place of articulation
Alveolar assimilation
Assimilatory processes
changing a non alveolar to a alveolar to match
Velar assimilation
Assimilatory processes
channging a non velar to velar to match
Pre?vocalic voicing
Assimilatory processes
the change of a target voiceless sound to a voiced sound before a vowel (to match voicing of vowel).
Final devoicing
Assimilatory processes
the change of a voiced sound to voiceless at the end of a word (to match silence at end).
Idiosyncratic Process
tend NOT to create CV patterns or follow normal order phonological acquisition
Glottal Replacement
Idiosyncratic Process
change of a target consonant to a glottal stop.
Initial consonant deletion
Idiosyncratic Process
involves the elision of word initial consonants (does NOT fit typical CV pattern)
Backing
Idiosyncratic Process
the change of a consonant that is normally produced farther forward in the mouth to a velar consonant
Stop replacing glide
Idiosyncratic Process
replacing a target /j/ or /w/ with a stop
Fricative replacing stop
Idiosyncratic Process
replacing a target stop with a fricative
cat, cap": target /k�t/, /k�p/-> /k�/
Final consonant deletion
brownie": target /bra?n?/ -> /ba?n?/
Cluster reduction
ba?nana": target /b??n�n?/ -> /?n�n?/
Weak syllable deletion
doggy": target /d?g?/ -> /d?d?/
Reduplication
juice": target /?us/-> /dus/
Stopping
cat": target /k�t/-> /t�t/
Fronting
choo?choo": target /?u?u/ -> /?u?u/
Deaffrication
blue": target /blu/ -> /bwu/
Gliding
pear" target /p?r/ -> /p??/
Vocalization
cup" target /k?p/->/??p/
Pre?vocalic voicing
bug": target /b?g/ ->/b?k/
Final devoicing
lip": target /l?p/->/??p/
Glottal Replacement
push": target /p??/-> /p?k/
Backing
cat": target [k�t] -> [�t]
Initial consonant deletion
yes": target [j?s]-> [d?s]
Stop replacing glide
poopoo": target [pupu]-> [fufu]
Fricative replacing stop
a function word
conveys primarily syntactic meaning
a content word
words such as nouns, most verbs, adjectives, and adverbs that refer to some object, action, or characteristic
What is Not a suprasegmental aspect of speech?
Assimilation
What are suprasegmental aspects of speech?
stress, intonation, timing/juncture
what is the best transcription of an extra long /d/
/d:/
what type of intonational phrase would be used for the last item on the list
fall
what type of intonational phrase would be used for a yes-no question
rise
stopping is an example of which type of phonological process
substitution
final devoicing is an example of which type of phonological process
assimilatory
backing is an example of which type of phonological process
idosyncratic
cluster reduction is an example of which type of phonological process
syllable structure
what is mastery
correct production of a phoneme more than 90%of the time in all contexts
what is customary production
correct production of a phoneme more than 50% of the time
T/F
children with phonological disorders may show processes that are different from those observed in typically developing children
true
T/F
children with phonological disorders may show some of the same phonological processes as typically developing children
true
T/F
children with phonological disorders never show the same phonological processes as typically developing children
false
T/F
children with phonological disorders may show phonological processes in some contexts but not in others
true
list the development of phonemes in order
non-diphthongs vowels
labial & alveolar
velar & palatal
nasal & stop
glides, fricatives, liquid, affricates
potato" pronounced /te?to?/ What is the phonological process
Weak syllable deletion
soak" pronounced /to?k/ What is the phonological process
stopping
butter" pronounced /b?t?/ What is the phonological process
vocalization
lake" pronounced /je?k/ What is the phonological process
gliding
Aspirated
[ ? ]
unaspirated
[ ? ]
unreleased stops
[ ? ]
Labialization
[ ? ]
Palatalization
[ j]
Nasalization
[ �]
nasal emission (aka nasal escape)
( ? )
lack of nasality
( ? )
Fronting
[ ?]
backing
[ ?]
Devoicing
[ ? ]
Voicing
[ ? ]
lateralization diacritic
[ ?]