Phonics
a method in which basic phonetics is used to teach beginning reading
phonetics
the study of human speech sounds
phoneme
the smallest sound unit of a language that distinguishes one word from another
phonemic awareness
the ability to recognize spoken words as a sequence of individual sounds
consonant
all sounds represented by letters but a e i o u w y
consonant blends
sounds in a syllable represented by two or more letters that are blended together
vowel
a sound represented by a e i o u and sometimes y
diphthong
a single vowel sound made up of a glide form one vowel sound to another in immediate sequence and pronounced in one syllable (ou and ow and ew)
r controlled vowel
when a vowel is followed by the letter r, it affects the vowel sound so that it is neither short or long
schwa
an unstressed sound occurring in unstressed syllables. (uh)
grapheme
a letter or combination of letters that represents a phoneme.
digraph
two letters that stand for a single phoneme. can be consonant digraphs or vowel digraphs
onset
the consonant sound of a syllable that comes before the vowel sound
rime
the part of the syllable that includes the vowel sound and any consonant sounds that come after it
phonogram
a letter sequence comprised of a vowel grapheme and an ending consonant grapheme
syllable
a unit of pronunciation consisting of a vowel alone or a vowel with one or more consonants.
closed syllable
any syllable that ends with a consonant phoneme
open syllable
any syllable that ends with a vowel sound
breve
the symbol placed above vowels to indicate short
macron
the symbol placed above vowels to indicate long
TRUE
t or f: the irregularity of vowel sounds is a basic problem of phonics
FALSE
t or f: The schwa sound is generally spelled in a consistent manner
FALSE
t or f: phonics is the most important skill required for effective reading
TRUE
t or f:synthetic phonics teaches students explicitly to convert letters into sounds and then blend sounds to form recognizable words
TRUE
t or f: a grapheme may be composed of one or more letters
FALSE
t or f: each syllable must contain only one vowel letter
TRUE
t or f: in decoding multisyllabic words, syllabication should precede the application of vowel generalizations
FALSE
t or f:there are approx 100 ways to spell the 44 phonemes
FALSE
t or f: the history of phonics shows that a phonics approach to teaching to teaching reading has been looked on favorably by most reading authorities over the past 50 years
vowel
which of the following is a sound: grapheme, vowel, digraph, or none of above
through
which contains an open syllable: love son through fire
boy
which contains a diphthong: low meat through boy
Emergent spelling level
(1)Prek to early grade 1
- Not reading conventionally
- Have not started reading instruction
- Drawings into words for early emergent writing
- Imitations
- Discourse Level, word level, sounds in words level
Letter name- Alphabetic spelling level
(2)K to early 2
- begin to learn words
- actually read text
- writing becomes legible to themselves and others
Within word pattern spelling level
(3)late 1 to middle 4
- may read two or three syllable words if there is enough context
- begin to recognize patterns and chunks and then unfamiliar words
- write with more speed and less conscious attention
Syllables and Affixes spelling level
(4)grades 3-5
- generalizations and study how syllables are joined
- look at words as two or more units of sound with meaning rather than cvc ccvc etc
- more confidence and fluence
- can work on long writing pieces over the course of a few days
Derivational readings spelling level
(5) grades 5 and up
- understand the meaning layer of words much better
- greek words
- extensive vocab so better writing
- journals
Semantic cue
did it make sense?
- context
- pictures
- general meaning of story
Grapho-phonic cue
did it look right?
- letter shape to letter sound
- phonics
Syntatic cues
Did it sound right?
- an acceptable english language construction