Language system is made up of:
semantic, syntactic, & phonological system
semantic system
what language means
morphemes
smallest meaningful unit in a language
combination of morphemes (morphology)
are the building blocks of vocabulary which can be
- a single word
- a compound word
free morphemes
stand alone as units of meaning
bound morphemes
must be used with words (they are affixes)
derivational morpheme
the new word you get when you add a bound morpheme; it changes the grammatical category. For example, adding -ful to beauty changes the word from a noun to an adjective (beautiful). The form that results from the addition of a derivational morpheme is cal
inflectional morpheme
changes the function of the word: how you use the word - part of speech; verb (changes tense); noun (changes singular/plural or possessive form; adjective / adverb (comparison; tells how, when, where)
inflectional endings
is determined by parts of speech; eg. fast, faster, fastest.
Lexicons
meaning of language; mental dictionary of words; personal vocabulary
Lexicons are
homonyms, homophones, homographs, synonyms, antonyms, compound words;multiple meaning words, idioms
homophones
words that are sound the same, look different (spelt differently) and have different meanings. Eg. bear & bare; base & bass
homonyms
words that sound the same, looks the same, but have different meanings. Eg. present & present; left & left; fall & fall; (see https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/change#English
homograph
words that are look (spelt) the same, do not sound the same, and have different meanings. Eg. live & live; bass & bass (fish); lead & lead - (type of metal); desert & desert
synonyms
two words that mean almost the same thing
antonyms
words that have opposite meanings
compound words
words that are made up of two or more words. Eg. playground.
not all compound words sum up the parts - eg. butterfly
multiple meaning words
mean something different depending on how it is used in a sentence. Eg. run: homerun, run in the stockings, run f bad luck, run to the store).
taught as context clues
idioms
phrases or sayings that have taken on special meaning over time; meanings that are often very different from the individual words that they contain. Eg. 'penny for your thoughts'; 'at the drop of a hat'; 'back to the drawing board'; 'an arm and a leg'; 'b
syntactic system
how words are put together to make sense; the system of rules that governs the way in which morphemes, words, and phrases are put together in order for a sentence to make sense
syntactic system also:
NOT RULES FOR PROPER GRAMMAR
phonological system
sounds of the language; how meaning is communicated through sound;
phoneme
the single unit of sound (not always one letter, but can sometime be more than one letters eg. digraph
phonetics
scientific study of speech sounds
phonics
the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate sound;
letter-sound correspondence
phonemic awareness
ability to hear sounds in words and to identify particular sounds; respond to rhymes or alliteration and produce these language features; can TELL when words start like other words or end like them
Phonological awareness
Awareness of the sound structure in speech
onset & rimes
- opening part (or letters before the vowel-bearing part is called the onset)
- the ending part (containing the vowel) is called the rime
- segmenting sounds
- sound sequence analysis,syllable analysis, and onset and rime analysis represent three ways tha
consonants
speech sounds made by partial or complete closure of the airflow which causes friction, making a sound in varying amounts.
vowels
speech sounds made without stoppage or friction of the air flow
syllable
a minimal unit of sequential speech sounds composed of a vowel or sound or a consonant-vowel combination
phonogram
a phonetic element represented by graphic characters or symbols. in word recognition, a graphic sequence composed of a vowel grapheme and an ending consonant grapheme (such as an or it) is often called a word family
orthographic system
spelling system of the language; involves not only the relationships between the sounds and the letters but it also involves the spelling patterns of written words.
grapheme
a letter or cluster of letters that represent a single phoneme
grapho-phonic relationship
refers to the relationship between the oral sounds of the language and the written letters or clusters of words
Language system is made up of:
semantic, syntactic, & phonological system
semantic system
what language means
morphemes
smallest meaningful unit in a language
combination of morphemes (morphology)
are the building blocks of vocabulary which can be
- a single word
- a compound word
free morphemes
stand alone as units of meaning
bound morphemes
must be used with words (they are affixes)
derivational morpheme
the new word you get when you add a bound morpheme; it changes the grammatical category. For example, adding -ful to beauty changes the word from a noun to an adjective (beautiful). The form that results from the addition of a derivational morpheme is cal
inflectional morpheme
changes the function of the word: how you use the word - part of speech; verb (changes tense); noun (changes singular/plural or possessive form; adjective / adverb (comparison; tells how, when, where)
inflectional endings
is determined by parts of speech; eg. fast, faster, fastest.
Lexicons
meaning of language; mental dictionary of words; personal vocabulary
Lexicons are
homonyms, homophones, homographs, synonyms, antonyms, compound words;multiple meaning words, idioms
homophones
words that are sound the same, look different (spelt differently) and have different meanings. Eg. bear & bare; base & bass
homonyms
words that sound the same, looks the same, but have different meanings. Eg. present & present; left & left; fall & fall; (see https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/change#English
homograph
words that are look (spelt) the same, do not sound the same, and have different meanings. Eg. live & live; bass & bass (fish); lead & lead - (type of metal); desert & desert
synonyms
two words that mean almost the same thing
antonyms
words that have opposite meanings
compound words
words that are made up of two or more words. Eg. playground.
not all compound words sum up the parts - eg. butterfly
multiple meaning words
mean something different depending on how it is used in a sentence. Eg. run: homerun, run in the stockings, run f bad luck, run to the store).
taught as context clues
idioms
phrases or sayings that have taken on special meaning over time; meanings that are often very different from the individual words that they contain. Eg. 'penny for your thoughts'; 'at the drop of a hat'; 'back to the drawing board'; 'an arm and a leg'; 'b
syntactic system
how words are put together to make sense; the system of rules that governs the way in which morphemes, words, and phrases are put together in order for a sentence to make sense
syntactic system also:
NOT RULES FOR PROPER GRAMMAR
phonological system
sounds of the language; how meaning is communicated through sound;
phoneme
the single unit of sound (not always one letter, but can sometime be more than one letters eg. digraph
phonetics
scientific study of speech sounds
phonics
the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate sound;
letter-sound correspondence
phonemic awareness
ability to hear sounds in words and to identify particular sounds; respond to rhymes or alliteration and produce these language features; can TELL when words start like other words or end like them
Phonological awareness
Awareness of the sound structure in speech
onset & rimes
- opening part (or letters before the vowel-bearing part is called the onset)
- the ending part (containing the vowel) is called the rime
- segmenting sounds
- sound sequence analysis,syllable analysis, and onset and rime analysis represent three ways tha
consonants
speech sounds made by partial or complete closure of the airflow which causes friction, making a sound in varying amounts.
vowels
speech sounds made without stoppage or friction of the air flow
syllable
a minimal unit of sequential speech sounds composed of a vowel or sound or a consonant-vowel combination
phonogram
a phonetic element represented by graphic characters or symbols. in word recognition, a graphic sequence composed of a vowel grapheme and an ending consonant grapheme (such as an or it) is often called a word family
orthographic system
spelling system of the language; involves not only the relationships between the sounds and the letters but it also involves the spelling patterns of written words.
grapheme
a letter or cluster of letters that represent a single phoneme
grapho-phonic relationship
refers to the relationship between the oral sounds of the language and the written letters or clusters of words