Phone
The basic unit of phonetics that represents any kind of speech sound.
Phoneme
The basic unit of phonology and the smallest linguistic unit capable of changing the meaning of a word.
Allophone
Variants of a phoneme.
Minimum Pair
A pair of words that differ only by one sound; used as a test to determine the phonemes in a language.
Phonology
A branch of linguistics responsible for studying the organization of speech sounds in a particular language.
Clinical Phonetics
The study of sounds produced by speech disordered clients in the clinic.
Phonetics
The branch of linguistics concerned with the scientific study of the production, transmission, and reception of the sounds of speech
Acoustic Phonetics
The branch of phonetics concerned with the study of the transmission of speech sounds.
Articulatory Phonetics
The branch of phonetics concerned with the study of the production of speech sounds.
Auditory/Perceptual Phonetics
The branch of phonetics concerned with the study of the reception of speech sounds
Think about the "l" sound in words like leaf, light, feel, and tile. Listen to the sound represented by that letter as you say each word. Do you think those sounds are allophones or phonemes?
allophones
Think about the "c" sound in words like "cat," "cot," "city," and "cistern". Listen to the sound represented by that letter as you say each word. Do you think those sounds are allophones or phonemes?
phonemes
Name the four processes of speech in order, starting from the lungs to the last stop where speech leaves the mouth:
respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory
See articulatory landmarks photo*
A
alveolar ridge
B
nasal cavity
C
(hard) palate
D
velum
E
uvula
F
pharynx
G
epiglottis
H
larynx
I
glottis
J
vocal folds
This is another name for the tip of the tongue
apex
This location is found between the tip and the body of the tongue
blade
This location forms the front wall of the oropharynx.
root
This is another name of the body of the tongue.
dorsum
True or False?
Phonetic transcription is purely orthographic (uses only a language's spelling system, in other words.)
False
The International Phonetic Alphabetic is..
a compromise between alphabetic and analphabetic systems
broad transcription
This type of transcription includes only phonemes, not diacritics
narrow transcription
This type of transcription is more detailed because it uses diacritics.
phonemic transcription
This type of transcription includes only phonemes, not diacritics
phonetic transcription
This type of transcription is more detailed because it uses diacritics.
Identify parts of IPA chart (look at worksheet)
consonants, vowels, diacritics, and suprasegmentals
Consonant or vowel?
Relatively open vocal tract
vowel
Consonant or vowel?
Relatively closed or constricted vocal tract
consonant
Consonant or vowel?
Sagittal midline of the vocal tract remains open
vowel
Consonant or vowel?
Constriction occurs along the sagittal midline of the vocal tract
consonant
Consonant or vowel?
Usually voiced
vowel
Consonant or vowel?
Can be voiced or voiceless
consonant
Consonant or vowel?
More intense (loud)
vowel
Consonant or vowel?
Less intense (loud)
consonant
Consonant or vowel?
More sonorous (musical or song-like)
vowel
Consonant or vowel?
Less sonorous (musical or song-like)
consonant
Match each kind of speech sound with the appropriate airstream mechanism (direction of airflow plus initiator
English consonants
pulmonic egressive
Match each kind of speech sound with the appropriate airstream mechanism (direction of airflow plus initiator
ejectives
glottalic egressive
Match each kind of speech sound with the appropriate airstream mechanism (direction of airflow plus initiator
implosives
glottalic ingressive
Match each kind of speech sound with the appropriate airstream mechanism (direction of airflow plus initiator
clicks
velaric ingressive
Plosive
This type of sound production has complete closure, or in other words, the most amout of stricture in the vocal tract. It is also prolongable.
Nasal
This kind of sound is produced in the nasal cavity.
Trill
A kind of sound that is prolongable and produced with an articulator (tongue or lips) making repeated contact.
Tap
This type of sound is not prolongable and is produced with one articulator strikes another once, very briefly.
Fricative
This sound is produced with the articulators held close enough together to produce turbulent airflow, like a window cracked slightly open in a car while driving.
Lateral Fricative
This kind of sound is produced with turbulent airflow, but the goes around one or both sides of the tongue instead of over the center
Approximant
This type of sound has the least amount of stricture (closure in other words) for consonants. It has mostly laminar (smooth) airflow and can either be prolonged or not. If not, we call the sound a semivowel.
Lateral Approximant
This type of sound has the least amount of stricture (closure in other words) for consonants, but is produced with air flowing on one or both sides of the tongue instead of over the center.
See channel shape image
A. wide, slit channel
B. narrow, grooved channel
C. narrow, slit channel
Labiodental
This place of articulation involves the lower lip approximating to the under edge of the upper front teeth.
Dental
This place of articulation involves the tongue approximating with the teeth.
Retroflex
This place of articulation actually refers to the shape of the tongue, which is curled backward.
Pharyngeal
This place of articulation involves drawing the root of the tongue into the pharynx.
Glottal
This place of articulation occurs between the two vocal folds
Palatal
This kind of articulation involves approximation of the tongue and palate.
Alveolar
This place of articulation involves the alveolar ridge
Epiglottal
This place of articulation involves drawing the epiglottis back into the pharynx
Bilabial
This place of articulation involves the upper and lower lips approximating each other
Velar
This place of articulation involves the velum
tense vowels
These vowels are produced with greater muscle activity
spread vowels
These vowels are produced with lips stretched as in a smile.
monophthongs
These vowels are called "steady" vowel because the tongue does not change position during their production.
short vowels
These vowels tend to be shorter than others
The three main articulatory parameters given for vowels are
Height, front/back, lip shape