Phonetics

Phonetic Levels

Articulatory phonetics -> how we produce the speech
Acoustic phonetics-> the sounds we make as they travel through the air.
Auditory phonetics-> how are the sounds received and processed.

Which parts of the body filter and shape the sounds we make?

Nasal Cavity, Oral cavity and Pharynx

What body parts are the source of the sounds we make?

Larynx, Lungs, and Diaphragm

Laryngeal states
Zigzag
circle
Circle with line

voiced (vibrating/Turbulence)
voiceless
Stop (glottal stop)

Bilabial

Place of constriction

Labio-dental

Place of Constriction

Dental

Place of Constriction

Alveolar

Place of constriction

Alveo-palatal

Place of constriction

Palatal

Place of constriction

Velar

Place of constriction

Glottal

Place of constriction

Stop

All airflow is blocked in p,b,t,d,k,g and ?

fricative

constriction doesn't block airflow entirely but enough to make turbulence. in f,v, ?, �, s, z, ?, ? and h

affricative

a stop plus a fricative in t? and d?

nasals

blocking airflow from the mouth but letting it go through the nasal passage. in m, ?, n and ?

approximants

sounds where there is some constriction but not enough to stop air flow or make the turbulent flow. in w, ?, and j

tap

tongue moves towards alveolar ridge, hits it and bounces back. in ?

laterals

the air flows laterally, so around the sides of the tongue not central on the tongue. in l

Voiceless

the sound is not voiced and vibration does not occur in:
stops: p, t, k and ?
fricatives: f, ?, s, ?, and h
affricatives: t?

Voiced

The sound is voiced and vibration does occur in:
stops: b, d and g
Fricatives: v, �, z, and ?
Affricatives: d?
Nasals: m, ?, n and ?
Approximants: w, ?, and j
tap: ?
Laterals: l

Pit or stoP

p a voiceless bilabial stop

Beer/ stuB

b a voiced bilabial stop

Top/ poT

t a voiceless alveolar stop

DuD

a voiced alveolar stop

Cat/ iCKy

k a voiceless velar stop

Great/ Gunk

g a voiced velar stop

uh-uh

? a voiceless glottal stop

FluFFy/ oFF

f a voiceless labio-dental fricative

oF/ Van/ reV

v a voiced labio-dental fricative

THin/ boTH

? a voiceless dental fricative No vibs

THe

� a voiced dental fricative Vibs

SaSSy/ catS

s a voiceless alveolar fricative

dogS

z a voiced alveolar fricative

waSHing

? voiceless alveo-palatal fricative

meaSure/ rouGe "ju

? a voiced alveo-palatal fricative

Hat/ Head

h a voiceless glottal fricative

aCHieve "ch

t? a voiceless alveo-palatal affricative

knowleDGe "J

d? a voiced alveo-palatal affricative

MoM/ aMong

m a voiced bilabial nasal

baNff

? a voiced labio-dental nasal

miNi

n a voiced alveolar nasal

siNG/ thiNk

? a voiced velar nasal

WoW

w a voiced bilabial-velar approximant

Yellow

j a voiced palatal approximant

laDDer

? a voiced alveolar tap

LoLLipop

l a voiced alveolar lateral

RoaR

? a voiced alveolar approximant

EEE" / EEk

i unrounded close front

Ick

I unrounded near close front

Abcd

e? unrounded close-mid to close front

Epsilon

? unrounded open-mid front

At

� unrounded open front

I/ EYE

a? unrounded open to close front

ow

a? Unrounded to rounded open front to back close

schwa" cAnadiAn

? unrounded mid central

Up

? or ? Unrounded open-mid central

YOU/ U

ju Rounded close back to front

oooh

u Rounded close back

bOOk

? Rounded close back

oh!

rounded close-mid to close back

oi"/ tOY

?? rounded open-mid back to close front

Or/ Old

? rounded open-mid back

awww"/ AWful

? unrounded open back

Aspiration

When you have a voiceless consonant followed by a stressed vowel.

Tapping

t" and "d" between vowels or an r or l acting as a vowel.

Assimilation/ regressive place assimilation

Where one sound assimilates another.
If you have an n followed by some other consonant the place or articulation of that consonant will assimilate the n.

Dissimilation

Adjacent sounds become less alike. In a sequence of 3 fricatives it becomes a fricative-stop-fricative.

Epenthesis

insertion of a letter

Metathesis

Order or sound is changed in a word

Vowel Reduction

vowel becomes more neutral moving towards schwa because the consonant after it causes stress.