Phonetic Levels
Articulatory phonetics -> how we produce the speech
Acoustic phonetics-> the sounds we make as they travel through the air.
Auditory phonetics-> how are the sounds received and processed.
Which parts of the body filter and shape the sounds we make?
Nasal Cavity, Oral cavity and Pharynx
What body parts are the source of the sounds we make?
Larynx, Lungs, and Diaphragm
Laryngeal states
Zigzag
circle
Circle with line
voiced (vibrating/Turbulence)
voiceless
Stop (glottal stop)
Bilabial
Place of constriction
Labio-dental
Place of Constriction
Dental
Place of Constriction
Alveolar
Place of constriction
Alveo-palatal
Place of constriction
Palatal
Place of constriction
Velar
Place of constriction
Glottal
Place of constriction
Stop
All airflow is blocked in p,b,t,d,k,g and ?
fricative
constriction doesn't block airflow entirely but enough to make turbulence. in f,v, ?, �, s, z, ?, ? and h
affricative
a stop plus a fricative in t? and d?
nasals
blocking airflow from the mouth but letting it go through the nasal passage. in m, ?, n and ?
approximants
sounds where there is some constriction but not enough to stop air flow or make the turbulent flow. in w, ?, and j
tap
tongue moves towards alveolar ridge, hits it and bounces back. in ?
laterals
the air flows laterally, so around the sides of the tongue not central on the tongue. in l
Voiceless
the sound is not voiced and vibration does not occur in:
stops: p, t, k and ?
fricatives: f, ?, s, ?, and h
affricatives: t?
Voiced
The sound is voiced and vibration does occur in:
stops: b, d and g
Fricatives: v, �, z, and ?
Affricatives: d?
Nasals: m, ?, n and ?
Approximants: w, ?, and j
tap: ?
Laterals: l
Pit or stoP
p a voiceless bilabial stop
Beer/ stuB
b a voiced bilabial stop
Top/ poT
t a voiceless alveolar stop
DuD
a voiced alveolar stop
Cat/ iCKy
k a voiceless velar stop
Great/ Gunk
g a voiced velar stop
uh-uh
? a voiceless glottal stop
FluFFy/ oFF
f a voiceless labio-dental fricative
oF/ Van/ reV
v a voiced labio-dental fricative
THin/ boTH
? a voiceless dental fricative No vibs
THe
� a voiced dental fricative Vibs
SaSSy/ catS
s a voiceless alveolar fricative
dogS
z a voiced alveolar fricative
waSHing
? voiceless alveo-palatal fricative
meaSure/ rouGe "ju
? a voiced alveo-palatal fricative
Hat/ Head
h a voiceless glottal fricative
aCHieve "ch
t? a voiceless alveo-palatal affricative
knowleDGe "J
d? a voiced alveo-palatal affricative
MoM/ aMong
m a voiced bilabial nasal
baNff
? a voiced labio-dental nasal
miNi
n a voiced alveolar nasal
siNG/ thiNk
? a voiced velar nasal
WoW
w a voiced bilabial-velar approximant
Yellow
j a voiced palatal approximant
laDDer
? a voiced alveolar tap
LoLLipop
l a voiced alveolar lateral
RoaR
? a voiced alveolar approximant
EEE" / EEk
i unrounded close front
Ick
I unrounded near close front
Abcd
e? unrounded close-mid to close front
Epsilon
? unrounded open-mid front
At
� unrounded open front
I/ EYE
a? unrounded open to close front
ow
a? Unrounded to rounded open front to back close
schwa" cAnadiAn
? unrounded mid central
Up
? or ? Unrounded open-mid central
YOU/ U
ju Rounded close back to front
oooh
u Rounded close back
bOOk
? Rounded close back
oh!
rounded close-mid to close back
oi"/ tOY
?? rounded open-mid back to close front
Or/ Old
? rounded open-mid back
awww"/ AWful
? unrounded open back
Aspiration
When you have a voiceless consonant followed by a stressed vowel.
Tapping
t" and "d" between vowels or an r or l acting as a vowel.
Assimilation/ regressive place assimilation
Where one sound assimilates another.
If you have an n followed by some other consonant the place or articulation of that consonant will assimilate the n.
Dissimilation
Adjacent sounds become less alike. In a sequence of 3 fricatives it becomes a fricative-stop-fricative.
Epenthesis
insertion of a letter
Metathesis
Order or sound is changed in a word
Vowel Reduction
vowel becomes more neutral moving towards schwa because the consonant after it causes stress.