Sum
Answer to an addition problem
Difference
Answer to a subtraction problem
Product
Answer to a multiplication problem
Quotient
Answer to a division problem
Operations
Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
Order of Operations
Rules to follow when more than one operation is given
Equation
Mathematical sentence containing an equal sign
Variable
A symbol, usually a letter, used to represent an unknown number. A variable next to a number or other variable indicates multiplication.
Evaluate
Find the value of an equation; to find the solution
Exponent
In powers, the number of times the base is used as a factor.
Squared
A number multiplied by itself; a number to the second power.
Cubed
A number to the third power.
Place Value
A system for writing numbers in which the position of the digit determines its value. Tens ones tenths hundredths thousandths
Rounding
To help estimate: look to the right of the digit being rounded; if it is 0,1,2,3, or 4 it stays the same; if it is 5 or up, it rounds up one digit.
Terminating Decimal
A decimal whose digits end. It can be written as a fraction with a denominator that is a power of ten (10, 100, 1,000...).
Repeating Decimal
A decimal whose digits continue in groups of one or more. We use bar notation to show the digits that repeat.
Factors
Numbers that divide into a whole number evenly.
Prime Numbers
Numbers with only 2 factors: one and itself. There are 25 between 1 and 100. 1 is a unique number.
Composite Numbers
A number with more than 2 factors.
Prime Factorization
Breaking a number down to its prime factors; factor tree.
Greatest Common Factor
The largest factor 2 or more numbers have in common. Use to reduce fractions.
Numerator
The number of parts being discussed in a fraction. The top of a fraction.
Denominator
The number of parts the whole was divided into. The bottom of a fraction.
Ratio
A comparison of two things. They can be written several ways. They are always reduced.
Equivalent Fractions
Fractions that name the same amount.
Simplest Form
When a fraction is reduced; GCF of numerator and denominator is 1.
Mixed Number
A whole number and fraction combined.
Improper Fraction
Fraction with a numerator larger than the denominator.
Multiple
The product of a number and any whole number. The first 5 multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20.
Least Common Multiple
Smallest number 2 or more numbers can divide into. Find the LCM when adding or subtracting unlike denominators.
Reciprocal
Any two fractions whose product is 1. Any fraction multiplied by itself upside down is 1.
Proportions
An equation showing two equal ratios.
Percent
A ratio with a denominator of 100; "out of 100
Scale Drawing
A drawing similar, but larger or smaller than the actual object.
Angles
Formed by two rays with a common endpoint.
Acute Angles
An angle that measures less than 90 degrees.
Obtuse Angles
An angle that measures greater than 90 degrees, but less than 180 degrees. 180 degrees is a straight line.
Right Angles
An angle measuring exactly 90 degrees.
Line of Symmetry
A line that divides a figure into two halves that reflect each other.
Transformation
Movement of geometric figures to new points on a coordinate system. There are 3 types.
Reflection
A type of transformation in which the figure is flipped over the line of symmetry. It looks like a mirror image.
Rotation
A type of transformation in which the figure is turned.
Translation
A type of transformation in which the figure is slid vertically, horizontally or both.
Congruent Figures
Figures that are exactly the same size and shape.
Similar Figures
Figures that are the same shape, but different sizes.
Polygons
Closed flat figures with at least three straight sides. Polygons are named the number of sides.
Triangle
A three sided polygon.
Scalene Triangle
A triangle with no congruent sides or angles.
Isosceles Triangle
A triangle with at least 2 congruent sides.
Right Triangle
A triangle with one 90 degree angle.
Acute Triangle
A triangle with three acute angles.
Obtuse Triangle
A triangle with one obtuse angle.
Equilateral Triangle
A triangle with three equal sides and angles.
Quadrilateral
A polygon with four sides.
Square
A quadrilateral with four equal sides and angles.
Rectangle
A quadrilateral with 4 right angles and opposite sides equal and parallel.
Parallelogram
A quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel and opposite angles congruent.
Trapezoid
A quadrilateral with only 2 parallel sides.
Pentagon
A five sided polygon.
Hexagon
A six sided polygon.
Octagon
An eight sided polygon.
Decagon
A ten sided polygon.
Regular Polygons
Polygons with congruent sides and angles.
Perimeter
The distance around a polygon.
Area
The amount of square units needed to cover a polygon. The "inside" of a polygon. Area is expressed in square units.
Circle
Set of all points in this figure are equal parts from the center.
Radius
A line segment from the center of the circle to the outside edge. The radius is half the diameter.
Diameter
A line segment through the center of the circle from one side to the other. The diameter is twice the radius and about 1/3 the circumference.
Chord
A line segment from one part of the circle to another, but not necessarily through the center.
Circumference
The distance around the circle. The circumference is about 3 times as big as the diameter.
Polyhedrons
Three-dimensional figures. Polyhedrons are named by their polygon bases.
Prisms
Polyhedrons with 2 bases.
Pyramids
Polyhedrons with only one base and triangular sides.
Volume
The amount of space that a three dimensional figure contains. Volume is expressed in cubic units.
Face
The flat surfaces of a three dimensional figure.
Edge
The intersection of faces of a three dimensional figure.
Vertices
The points where two sides of a polygon meet. Also the point where two rays meet to form an angle.
Line
A line that continues in both directions. Lines are drawn with arrows at both ends.
Line Segment
Part of a line with two endpoints.
Ray
A line with one endpoint, but continues in the other direction.
Parallel
Two lines that run side by side, but will never intersect. Parallel lines remain equal distances apart.
Perpendicular
Lines that intersect at a right angle.
Surface Area
The sum of the areas of all the surfaces of a three dimensional figure.
Frequency Table
A table for organizing a set of data that shows the number of times each item or number appears.
Interval
The space between values on a scale on a graph.
Bar Graph
A graph using bars to compare quantities.
Line Graph
A graph used to show change and direction of change over a period of time.
Circle Graph
A graph used to compare parts of a whole. The circle represents the whole and is divided into its parts.
Stem-and-Leaf Plot
System used to condense a set of data where the greatest place value forms the stem and the next greatest forms the leaves.
Mean
The average of a set of data.
Median
The middle number in a set of data arranged from least to greatest.
Mode
The number(s) that appear most in a set of data. There is not always a mode.
Range
The difference between the largest and the smallest number in a set of data.
Theoretical Probability
The ratio of the number of ways an event can occur to the number of possible outcomes. The "chance" of something happening.
Outcomes
Possible results of a probability event.
Combinations
A listing of objects when order is NOT important.
Independent Events
Two or more events in which the outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of the other event.
Integers
The whole numbers and their opposites. Positive & negative whole numbers
...-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3...
Coordinate system
A plane in which horizontal and vertical number lines intersect at their zero points. This point of intersection is called the origin.
Ordered Pair
A pair of numbers used to locate a point in the coordinate system. Pairs are written in this form: (x coordinate, y coordinate)