Variable
a symbol (like x or y) that is used in mathematical or logical expressions to represent a variable quantity
Algebraic Expression
A mathematical phrase involving at least one variable and sometimes numbers and operation symbols.
Exponent
a mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself
Natural Numbers
The set of numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ... Also called counting numbers.
Whole Numbers
Natural numbers ( counting numbers) and zero; 0, 1, 2, 3...
Integers
All whole numbers (both positive and negative) and zero.
Rational Numbers
numbers that can be written as fractions, including terminating and repeating decimals, and integers
Irrational Numbers
Numbers that cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers. Their decimal expansions are nonending and nonrepeating.
Inequality
A statement that compares two quantities using <, >, ?,?, or ?
Absolute Value
The distance a number is from zero on a number line
Coordinate Plane
A plane that is divided into four regions by a horizontal line called the x-axis and a vertical line called the y-axis.
Ordered Pair
A pair of numbers that can be used to locate a point on a coordinate plane
Midpoint
the point halfway between the endpoints of a segment
Domain
the set of values of the independent variable for which a function is defined
Range
the limits of the values a function can take
Dependent Value
The y value, because it depends on the value of x
Independent Value
x value, because y depends on the x value
Scatter Plot
a graph with points plotted to show a possible relationship between two sets of data
Positive Correlation
a relationship between variables in which one variable increases as the other variable also increases
Negative Correlation
an association between increases in one variable and decreases in another
Trend Line
a line that approximates the relationship between the data sets of a scatter plot
Mean
an average of n numbers computed by adding some function of the numbers and dividing by some function of n
Median
The middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it.
Mode
The number that occurs most often in a set of data.
Stem and Leaf Plot
A system used to condense a set of data where the greatest place value of the data forms the stem and the next greatest place value forms the leaves.
Additive Inverse
one of a pair of numbers whose sum is zero
Reciprocal
one of a pair of numbers whose product is 1: the reciprocal of 2/3 is 3/2
Coefficient
The numerical factor when a term has a variable
Probability
the likelihood that a particular event will occur
Theoretical Probability
Probability based on comparing the number of possible favorable outcomes to the number of total possible outcomes
Odds
The ratio of the number of ways the event can occur to the number of ways the event cannot occur.
Literal Equation
an equation that contains two or more variables
Ratio
A comparison of two numbers by division
Proportion
an equation stating that two ratios are equal
Dilation
A transformation that changes the size of an object, but not the shape.
Scale Factor
the ratio used to enlarge or reduce similar figures
Consecutive Integers
integers that increase or decrease incrementally by 1
Greatest Possible Error
one half of the measuring unit, for any measurement
Hypotenuse
the side opposite the right angle in a right triangle
Pythagorean Theorem
The relationship of the lengths of the sides of a right triangle
Compound Inequality
two or more inequalities that are connected by the words AND or OR
Intersection
a point or set of points common to two or more geometric configurations
Null Set
a set with no elements shown by the symbol { } or a circle with a line going through it
Vertical Line Test
A test used to determine whether a relation is a function by checking if a vertical line touches 2 or more points on the graph of a relation
Slope Intercept Form
an equation written in the form y=mx+b is in slope-intercept form. The graph is a line with slope m and y-intercept b.
x-Intercept
the x-coordinate of a point where a graph crosses the x-axis
y-intercept
the y-coordinate of the point where the line crosses the y-axis.
Point Slope Form
y-y1 = m(x-x1), where m is the slope and (x1,y1) is the point the line is passing through.
Perpendicular Lines
Two lines that intersect to form right angles
Parallel Lines
Lines in the same plane that do not intersect