developmental psychology quiz 1

The maximum life span of humans:
a) has increased over time.
b) has not changed since the beginning of recorded history.
c) has matched their life expectancy in recent times.
d) is about 65 years as the first decade of the twenty-first century draws to a

has not changed since the beginning of recorded history

The idea that no age period dominates development highlights the life-span perspective that development is:
a) plastic.
b) contextual.
c) multidimensional.
d) lifelong.

lifelong

_____ means the capacity for change.
a) Elasticity
b) Plasticity
c) Contextuality
d) Tenacity

plasticity

Tzu-Chiang is 55 years old and is currently enrolled in a college algebra course. He is pleasantly surprised that he is performing well in the course despite not taking a formal math class for over 30 years. He is able to learn new mathematical concepts w

plastic

Individuals are changing beings in a changing world". Which characteristic of development is reflected in this statement?
a) Development is multidisciplinary
b) Development is contextual
c) Development is multidimensional
d) Development is multidirection

development is contextual

Development can be defined as the pattern of movement or change that:
a) begins at childhood and continues until adulthood.
b) begins at conception and continues until adulthood.
c) begins at birth and continues through the human life span.
d) begins at c

begins at conception and continues through the human life span

Influences that generally effect a generation, for example, the effect of the Vietnam war on the baby boomers, are considered _____ influences.
a) nonnormative multidirectional
b) normative age-graded
c) nonnormative age-graded
d) normative history-graded

normative history-graded

_____ encompasses the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation.
a) Culture
b) Genotype
c) Social policy
d) Ethnocentricity

culture

Socioeconomic status (SES) refers to:
a) the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation.
b) a person's position within society based on occupational, educational, and

a person's position within society based on occupational, educational, and economic characteristics.

Changes in motor skills, nutrition, exercise, the hormonal changes of puberty, and cardiovascular decline are all examples of _____ processes that affect development.
a) cognitive
b) biological
c) socioemotional
d) cultural

biological

The _____ period is the time from conception to birth.
a) perinatal
b) prenatal
c) neonatal
d) postnatal

prenatal

Jonathan is almost completely dependent on his parents for his wants and needs and is only just beginning to acquire language skills and sensorimotor coordination. Which of the following development periods is Jonathan in?
a) Late childhood
b) Middle chil

infancy

Joey has shot up in height over the past year, has developed a deeper voice, and is starting to grow facial hair. He is preoccupied with the pursuit of independence and identity and is spending more time with friends and less with family. Which of the fol

adolescence

Late adulthood is a time of:
a) life review, adjustment to new social roles, and diminishing strength and health.
b) expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility.
c) establishing personal and economic independence and advancing in a career

life review, adjustment to new social roles, and diminishing strength and health.

Jessica spends a lot of time thinking about the choices she has made in her life and the events she has witnessed. She is adjusting to decreasing strength and health, and she has made several lifestyle changes as a result. Jessica is most likely in the __

late adulthood

Ramada, 69, an avid golfer and fitness enthusiast, recently got a comprehensive health exam done, and her physician remarked that her vital organs were in such good shape that her _____ age was about 10 years less than her chronological age.
a) social
b)

biological

In the nature-nurture issue, nature refers to an organism's _____, nurture to its _____.
a) personality traits; abilities.
b) attributes; ecological heritage.
c) biological inheritance; environmental experiences.
d) acquired traits, heredity.

biological inheritance; environmental experiences.

Most contemporary psychoanalytic theorists believe that Sigmund Freud:
a) proposed a theory that has stood the test of time and needs no revisions.
b) overemphasized sexual instincts.
c) overemphasized cultural experiences as determinants of an individual

overemphasized sexual instincts

Johnny is attempting to resolve the crisis of initiative vs. guilt. According to Erik Erikson, he is most likely in _____.
a) preschool
b) elementary school
c) junior high school
d) high school

preschool

During early adulthood, Erik Erikson's developmental stage of _____ occurs.
a) intimacy versus isolation
b) integrity versus despair
c) initiative versus guilt
d) industry versus inferiority

intimacy versus isolation

Roger looks back on his life and feels that he failed to reach his potential, squandered opportunities, and hurt a lot of people. At 82 years of age, he knows it is too late to make amends. Roger is slipping into:
a) stagnation.
b) identity confusion.
c)

despair

Behavioral and social cognitive theories emphasize:
a) unconscious motives.
b) discontinuity in behavior.
c) continuity in development.
d) that development occurs in stage-like fashion.

continuity in development

Fernando believes that as individuals adapt to their environment, development, or phylogeny occurs. He further believes that there are critical periods that have also been selected for. He is most likely taking a(n) _____ approach.
a) behavioral
b) etholo

ethological

The _____ involves relations between microsystems or connections between contexts.
a) metasystem
b) mesosystem
c) chronosystem
d) macrosystem

mesosystem

The _____ involves the culture in which individuals live.
a) chronosystem
b) mesosystem
c) ethnosystem
d) macrosystem

macrosystem

Which of Urie Bronfenbrenner's environmental systems consists of the patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course, as well as sociohistorical circumstances?
a) Mesosystem
b) Chronosystem
c) Macrosystem
d) Exosystem

chronosystem

A(n) _____ is a carefully regulated procedure in which one or more factors believed to influence the behavior being studied are manipulated while all other factors are held constant.
a) case study
b) survey
c) experiment
d) correlational

experiment

The cross-sectional approach to developmental research compares:
a) various research methodologies.
b) various developmental theories.
c) individuals of different ages.
d) individuals of different genders.

individuals of different ages

The longitudinal method of research consists of studying:
a) the same individuals over a long period of time.
b) individuals of different ages.
c) individuals from around the globe.
d) individuals born in the same year.

the same individuals over a long period of time.

According to APA's guidelines, all participants must know what their research participation will involve and what risks might develop. This guideline addresses which of the following issues?
a) Deception
b) Debriefing
c) Informed consent
d) Confidentialit

informed consent