PSY 207: Lifespan Development: Exam Chapters 1-5

Palma and her husband Frankie are in their mid-forties. Which of the following developmental periods are they currently in?

Middle adulthood

Which of the following correlations is the strongest?

-.77

A cell which contains 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs undergoes the process of _____ to produce two new cells, each containing the same DNA as the original cell, arranged in the same 23 pairs of chromosomes.

mitosis

Which of the following women has the highest probability of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome?

Jane, a 41-year-old Euro-American woman

The ________ consists of an inner mass of cells that eventually develops into an embryo.

blastocyst

A total score of _____ on the Apgar Scale indicates that the newborn's condition is good.

7 to 10

Mariah has given birth to a baby girl. Even one month after delivery, she is experiencing very strong feelings of sadness and anxiety. She is so morose that she is having trouble coping with daily tasks. Mariah is most likely suffering from:

postpartum depression

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the impact of teratogens?

Exposure to teratogens does more damage when it occurs at some points in development than at others.

Which of the following statements regarding first words is NOT correct?

Infants recognize their name by age 3 months.

When one-month-old Mai is sleeping, it often looks like she is smiling. This is an example of a _____ smile.

reflexive

The "visual cliff" experiment was used to measure:

depth perception.

One day when Mark was crawling around, he fell down the stairs. After the doctor examined him, Mark's parents learned that he had damaged the parietal lobe of his brain. Mark's parents were told to expect that Mark would have difficulty with:

registering spatial locations.

When babies engage in physical activity or use language, some synaptic connections will be strengthened, while the unused ones are replaced by other pathways or disappear. A neuroscientist would identify this process as "_____.

pruning

Infants can see objects before they can control their torso, and they can use their hands long before they can crawl or walk. This would indicate that they have a ________ pattern of growth.

cephalocaudal

According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following statements is true?

...

Danny's mother is even-tempered, fair, and tactful. Seeing this, Danny is growing up to be a polite, good-natured boy too. This imitation or modeling of behavior mirrors the concept of ________ in Bandura's social cognitive theory.

...

Which of Urie Bronfenbrenner's environmental systems consists of the patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course, as well as sociohistorical circumstances?

...

The cross-sectional approach to developmental research compares____________________

individuals of different ages.

In some cases of genotypic expression, one gene of a pair always exerts its effects overriding the potential influence of the other gene. This is the ________ principle.

dominant-recessive genes

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder in which an individual cannot properly metabolize ________, an amino acid.

phenylalanine

Identify a risk related to the use of chorionic villus sampling (CVS) as a prenatal diagnostic test.

...

Which of the following statements is true about adopted children?

Children who are adopted early in life are more likely to have positive outcomes than those adopted later in life.

Salma is trying to get pregnant and therefore visits her doctor to understand more about pregnancy and childbirth. She asks her doctor about the duration of the typical prenatal development. Which of the following would be her doctor's response?

38 to 40 weeks

Which of the following is the U.S. Surgeon General's recommendation regarding alcohol intake during pregnancy?

No alcohol should be consumed during pregnancy

In the context of neurons, which of the following statements is true of the myelin sheath?

...

Identify a reason why the members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Infant Positioning and SIDS (AAPTFIPS) (2000) discourage shared sleeping.

...

Whenever baby Beth hears a loud noise, she responds with the ________ reflex, where she arches her back, throws back her head, flings out her arms and legs, and then rapidly closes her arms and legs.

Moro

Nadine is a 1-year-old infant. Her doctor wants to assess the development of her fine motor skills. In this scenario, which of Nadine's abilities is the doctor most likely to focus on?

the ability to reach and grasp

Ruth, an infant, sucked everything that touched her lips and also sucked nearby objects. A few months later, she learned that certain objects such as her mother's breasts or a milk bottle can be sucked but other objects such as spoons, her toys, or her bl

assimilation and accommodation

Trenton was playing in a sandbox. He was pouring sand from a short and wide container into a tall and narrow container. When he poured the sand into the tall and narrow container, it appeared as if it had more sand in it. Trenton could not figure out wher

equilibrium; disequilibrium

Antonio swings his arms while lying in his crib. One of his arms accidentally hits the mobile hanging above him. This causes the mobile to move. Antonio continues to swing his arms but is unable to strike the mobile again. This is an example of a

primary circular reaction.

Heather is shown a teddy bear. The teddy bear is then hidden from her, and she searches for it. This shows that Heather has developed a sense of ________.

object permanence

Identify the type of error that occurs when infants make the mistake of selecting a familiar hiding place rather than a new hiding place as they progress into Piaget's fourth substage of the sensorimotor stage.

A-not-B error

Juno is riding a bike. Riding a bike requires Juno to use her memories of skills and routine procedures that are performed automatically; this type of memory is referred to as ________ memory.

implicit

Two-year-old Max sees a rabbit and calls it a "bunny." He then sees a large white hamster and calls it a "bunny," too. In this scenario, the application of a word to objects that are inappropriate for the word's meaning is referred to as__________________

overextension.

________ is an area in the left temporal lobe of the brain that is involved in the comprehension of speech.

Wernicke's area

Child-directed speech is the____________________

unique way that parents (and others) talk to babies.

Linguist Noam Chomsky said that children are born into the world with a ________, a biological endowment that enables the child to detect certain features and rules of language, including phonology, syntax, and semantics.

language acquisition device