Development
pattern of change that begins at conception and continues throughout the lifespan
Biological age
a person's age in terms of biological health
Psychological age
an individual's adaptive capacities compared w/ those of other individuals of the same chronological age
Chronological age
the # of years that have elapsed since birth
Cross-sectional approach
research strategy that simultaneously compares individuals of different ages
Longitudinal approach
research strategy where same individuals are studied over a period of time (usually several years or more)
Multidimensional
relies on many different things
Development is multidimensional
Plasticity
ability to go through changes and can experience change from birth all way to death
Multidisciplinary
many disciplines
Ex of multidisciplinary
Psychology, sociology, biology, and neurology combining to make study of human development
Nonnormative history-graded
influences that are common to a people of a particular generation because of historical circumstances
Normative age-graded
influences that are similar for individuals of a particular age group
Nonnormative age-graded
unusual events/occurrences that have a major impact on an individual's life
Infancy
developmental period from birth to 18 or 24 months; extreme dependence upon adults
Early childhood
developmental period from 3 through 5 years of age; "preschool years
Middle and late childhood
developmental period from about 6 to 10 or 11 years of age; master reading, writing, math
Adolescence
developmental period of transition from childhood to early adulthood; entered at approximately 10 to 12 yrs of age and ending at 18-21 yrs of age; pursuit of independence and identity
Early adulthood
developmental period that begins in early 20's and lasts through the 30's; career, mate, starting a family, economic and personal independence.
Middle adulthood
developmental period from 40-60 yrs of age; satisfaction career, mature individual, assisting next generation in becoming competent.
Late adulthood
developmental period from 60's or 70's to death; time of retirement, review, adjustment to new social roles and diminishing health; LONGEST span of any period of development
Development
pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through human life span
Life-span perspective/development
views development as lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, contextual, and as a process that involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss.
Traditional approach to the study of development
emphasizes extensive change from birth to adolescence, little or no change in adulthood, and decline in old age. Great deal of change occurs in 5-6 decades after adolescence.
Life-span approach emphasizes
developmental change through adulthood as well as childhood.
Life expectancy in the USA
78 years of age
Meiosis
cell division that forms sperm and egg