Anthropology 300 week 1

primate

member of the mammalian order. Primates, including prosimians, monkeys, apes, and humans, defined by a suite of anatomical and behavioral traits

evolution

a change in the frequency of a gene or trait in a population over multiple generations

biological anthropology

the study of humans as biological organisms, considered in an evolutionary framework; sometimes called physical anthropology

hominin

a member of the primate family Hominidae, distinguished by bipedal posture and, in more recently evolved species, a large brain

adaption

a trait that increases the reproductive success of an organism, produced by natural selection in the context of a particular environment

anthropology

the study of humankind in a cross-cultural context. Anthropology includes the subfields cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, archaeology, and biological anthropology

culture

the sum total of learned traditions, values, and beliefs that groups of people (and a few species of highly intelligent animals) possess

biocultural anthropology

the study of the interaction between biology and culture, which plays a role in most human traits

four subfields of anthropology

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cultural anthropology

the study of human societies in a cross-cultural perspective

ethology

one of the subfields of cultural anthropology, is the study of human societies and of the behavior of people within those societies

ethnography

the practice of ethology

linguistic anthropology

the study of the form, function, and social context of language

archaeology

the study of how people used to live based on the materials, or artifacts, they left behind

artifacts

the objects, from tools to art, left by earlier generations of people

material culture

form the basis for the analysis and interpretation of ancient cultures

prehistoric archaeologists

study cultures that did not leave any recorded written history

historical archaeologists

study past civilizations that left a written record of their existence

biological anthropologists

any scientists studying evolution as it relates to the human species, directly or indirectly

paleoanthropology

the study of the fossil record of ancestral humans and their primate kin

osteology

the study of the skeleton

anthropometrists

made detailed measurements of the human body in all its forms

skeletal biology

the study of human skeletons and the patterns and processes of human growth, physiology, and development

paleopathology

the study of diseases in ancestral human populations

bioarchaeology

the study of human remains in an archaeological context

bioarchaeologists

work with archaeologists excavating ancient humans to study the effects of trauma, epidemics, nutritional deficiencies, and infections diseases

forensic anthropolgy

the study of human remains applied to legal context

primatology

the study of the nonhuman primates and their anatomy, genetics, behavior, and ecology

human biology

subfield of biological anthropology dealing with human growth and development, adaptation to environmental extremes, and human genetics

nutritional anthroplogists

studying the interrelationship of diet, culture, and evolution

biocultural anthropologists

interested in research problems that require an understanding of both biological and cultural factors

biomedical anthropology

the study of how human cultural practices influence the spread of infectious disease and how the effects of pollution or toxins n the environment affect human growth

molecular anthropology

a genetic approach to human evolutionary science that seeks to understand the differences in the genome between humans and their closest relatives, the nonhuman primates

physical anthropology

the stud of humans as biological organisms considered in an evolutionary framework

biomedical anthropology

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