primate
member of the mammalian order. Primates, including prosimians, monkeys, apes, and humans, defined by a suite of anatomical and behavioral traits
evolution
a change in the frequency of a gene or trait in a population over multiple generations
biological anthropology
the study of humans as biological organisms, considered in an evolutionary framework; sometimes called physical anthropology
hominin
a member of the primate family Hominidae, distinguished by bipedal posture and, in more recently evolved species, a large brain
adaption
a trait that increases the reproductive success of an organism, produced by natural selection in the context of a particular environment
anthropology
the study of humankind in a cross-cultural context. Anthropology includes the subfields cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, archaeology, and biological anthropology
culture
the sum total of learned traditions, values, and beliefs that groups of people (and a few species of highly intelligent animals) possess
biocultural anthropology
the study of the interaction between biology and culture, which plays a role in most human traits
four subfields of anthropology
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cultural anthropology
the study of human societies in a cross-cultural perspective
ethology
one of the subfields of cultural anthropology, is the study of human societies and of the behavior of people within those societies
ethnography
the practice of ethology
linguistic anthropology
the study of the form, function, and social context of language
archaeology
the study of how people used to live based on the materials, or artifacts, they left behind
artifacts
the objects, from tools to art, left by earlier generations of people
material culture
form the basis for the analysis and interpretation of ancient cultures
prehistoric archaeologists
study cultures that did not leave any recorded written history
historical archaeologists
study past civilizations that left a written record of their existence
biological anthropologists
any scientists studying evolution as it relates to the human species, directly or indirectly
paleoanthropology
the study of the fossil record of ancestral humans and their primate kin
osteology
the study of the skeleton
anthropometrists
made detailed measurements of the human body in all its forms
skeletal biology
the study of human skeletons and the patterns and processes of human growth, physiology, and development
paleopathology
the study of diseases in ancestral human populations
bioarchaeology
the study of human remains in an archaeological context
bioarchaeologists
work with archaeologists excavating ancient humans to study the effects of trauma, epidemics, nutritional deficiencies, and infections diseases
forensic anthropolgy
the study of human remains applied to legal context
primatology
the study of the nonhuman primates and their anatomy, genetics, behavior, and ecology
human biology
subfield of biological anthropology dealing with human growth and development, adaptation to environmental extremes, and human genetics
nutritional anthroplogists
studying the interrelationship of diet, culture, and evolution
biocultural anthropologists
interested in research problems that require an understanding of both biological and cultural factors
biomedical anthropology
the study of how human cultural practices influence the spread of infectious disease and how the effects of pollution or toxins n the environment affect human growth
molecular anthropology
a genetic approach to human evolutionary science that seeks to understand the differences in the genome between humans and their closest relatives, the nonhuman primates
physical anthropology
the stud of humans as biological organisms considered in an evolutionary framework
biomedical anthropology
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