Human growth and development final

True or False: the placenta protects the fetus against pollution

False

metal pollutants

lead- gasoline, paint
mercury
cadium

organic pollutants

pesticides
insecticides
herbicides
-ingested in food (lipophilic)

energy pollution

noise
radiation

air pollution

heterogeneous category including particles
-intrauterine growth retardation
-respired products of incomplete combustion

endocrine disruption theory

environmental exposure of some anthrogenic chemicals may result in disruption of endocrine systems

faroese boy study

diet included fish and sea mammals
-PCB levels measured in maternal serum

faroese boy study findings by Tanner

for every 10% increase in PCB there is a 5.6% testosterone
-high levels of PCB don't reach mature levels

precautionary principle

taking action in face of uncertainty
shifting burden of proof to the proponents of an activity

tanners mirror

growth is a mirror of the conditions of society
auxological epidemiology

Auxological Epidemiology

human growth and development is taken as a measure of community health

stasis

no growth

jump in growth

saltation

cause of saltation

due to either dis-inhibitory permissive or activation controls

growth

hormonal mediated process of cell replication and hypertrophy

growth study hypothesis

does having an immune response due to illness cause less growth
or does rapid growth take so much energy that it causes a weakened immune system

ellisons hourglass

...

how pollution is like a weed

unwanted component of the environment o natural or anthropogenic origin suspected of harming human health or well being

how pollution is like a flower

exposure measurement methods are dictated by pollutant and human interaction
-some are stored in body and some leave traces or no evidence at all

clinical effects of pollution

death and disease

sub-clinical effects of pollution

some signs and symptoms
pollutant burden present

developmental toxicity

effects of lead
IQ, hearing and growth

drinking water Pb levels

50 micrograms

Persistent organic pollutants, POPS

persist in environement
organochlorines
Industrial chemicals
may pose health hazards
-cancer
-endocrine disruption
-neuro-psychological function

PCBs

used to be used in electric power industry
-may jump start reproductive development

hormones in meat and milk

given to help cattle grow bigger and produce more like but may wreak havoc in humans

rice oil disease

distillation of cooking oil from rice
cooling oil moved into food product poisoning the food with PCB and other toxicants

pcb effects on human development

-smaller birth weight
-poorer postnatal performance of cognition
-abnormally weak/ hypo-active reflexes
-delay in motor maturation
-earlier menarche
-delayed puberty in boys
-low levels of testosterone
lower gonadotropin in boys

minamata disease

neurological syndrome caused by mercury poisoning

effects of lead

delayed menarche
reduced birthweights
nerve damage

phthalates

Plastics, cosmetics. Endocrine disruptors. Feminization of males.
sertoli cell damage

Bisphenol A (BPA)

a substance widely used in plastics and to line food and drink cans, which has raised health concerns because it is an estrogen mimic