True or False: the placenta protects the fetus against pollution
False
metal pollutants
lead- gasoline, paint
mercury
cadium
organic pollutants
pesticides
insecticides
herbicides
-ingested in food (lipophilic)
energy pollution
noise
radiation
air pollution
heterogeneous category including particles
-intrauterine growth retardation
-respired products of incomplete combustion
endocrine disruption theory
environmental exposure of some anthrogenic chemicals may result in disruption of endocrine systems
faroese boy study
diet included fish and sea mammals
-PCB levels measured in maternal serum
faroese boy study findings by Tanner
for every 10% increase in PCB there is a 5.6% testosterone
-high levels of PCB don't reach mature levels
precautionary principle
taking action in face of uncertainty
shifting burden of proof to the proponents of an activity
tanners mirror
growth is a mirror of the conditions of society
auxological epidemiology
Auxological Epidemiology
human growth and development is taken as a measure of community health
stasis
no growth
jump in growth
saltation
cause of saltation
due to either dis-inhibitory permissive or activation controls
growth
hormonal mediated process of cell replication and hypertrophy
growth study hypothesis
does having an immune response due to illness cause less growth
or does rapid growth take so much energy that it causes a weakened immune system
ellisons hourglass
...
how pollution is like a weed
unwanted component of the environment o natural or anthropogenic origin suspected of harming human health or well being
how pollution is like a flower
exposure measurement methods are dictated by pollutant and human interaction
-some are stored in body and some leave traces or no evidence at all
clinical effects of pollution
death and disease
sub-clinical effects of pollution
some signs and symptoms
pollutant burden present
developmental toxicity
effects of lead
IQ, hearing and growth
drinking water Pb levels
50 micrograms
Persistent organic pollutants, POPS
persist in environement
organochlorines
Industrial chemicals
may pose health hazards
-cancer
-endocrine disruption
-neuro-psychological function
PCBs
used to be used in electric power industry
-may jump start reproductive development
hormones in meat and milk
given to help cattle grow bigger and produce more like but may wreak havoc in humans
rice oil disease
distillation of cooking oil from rice
cooling oil moved into food product poisoning the food with PCB and other toxicants
pcb effects on human development
-smaller birth weight
-poorer postnatal performance of cognition
-abnormally weak/ hypo-active reflexes
-delay in motor maturation
-earlier menarche
-delayed puberty in boys
-low levels of testosterone
lower gonadotropin in boys
minamata disease
neurological syndrome caused by mercury poisoning
effects of lead
delayed menarche
reduced birthweights
nerve damage
phthalates
Plastics, cosmetics. Endocrine disruptors. Feminization of males.
sertoli cell damage
Bisphenol A (BPA)
a substance widely used in plastics and to line food and drink cans, which has raised health concerns because it is an estrogen mimic